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Measuring the quality of a generated sequence against a set of references is a central problem in many learning frameworks, be it to compute a score, to assign a reward, or to perform discrimination. Despite great advances in model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Florian Schmidt , Thomas Hofmann

Pre-trained language models have recently contributed to significant advances in NLP tasks. Recently, multi-modal versions of BERT have been developed, using heavy pre-training relying on vast corpora of aligned textual and image data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Thomas Scialom , Patrick Bordes , Paul-Alexis Dray , Jacopo Staiano , Patrick Gallinari

BERT has revolutionized the NLP field by enabling transfer learning with large language models that can capture complex textual patterns, reaching the state-of-the-art for an expressive number of NLP applications. For text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Frederico Souza , João Filho

Pretrained contextualized text representation models learn an effective representation of a natural language to make it machine understandable. After the breakthrough of the attention mechanism, a new generation of pretrained models have…

Narrative understanding requires multidimensional semantic structures. This study investigates whether BERT embeddings encode dimensions of fictional narrative semantics -- time, space, causality, and character. Using an LLM to accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Beicheng Bei , Hannah Hyesun Chun , Chen Guo , Arwa Saghiri

Multi-agent systems must decide which agent is the most appropriate for a given task. We propose a novel architecture for recommending which LLM agent out of many should perform a task given a natural language prompt by extending the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joshua Park , Yongfeng Zhang

Reading comprehension models have been successfully applied to extractive text answers, but it is unclear how best to generalize these models to abstractive numerical answers. We enable a BERT-based reading comprehension model to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Daniel Andor , Luheng He , Kenton Lee , Emily Pitler

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Encoder models trained for the embedding of sentences or short documents have proven useful for tasks such as semantic search and topic modeling. In this paper, we present a version of the SwissBERT encoder model that we specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Juri Grosjean , Jannis Vamvas

Pre-trained contextualized embedding models such as BERT are a standard building block in many natural language processing systems. We demonstrate that the sentence-level representations produced by some off-the-shelf contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Xiliang Zhu , David Rossouw , Shayna Gardiner , Simon Corston-Oliver

Language models that utilize extensive self-supervised pre-training from unlabeled text, have recently shown to significantly advance the state-of-the-art performance in a variety of language understanding tasks. However, it is yet unclear…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Avi Caciularu , Noam Razin , Ori Katz , Noam Koenigstein

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is a fundamental task for Chinese language understanding. Recently, neural network-based models have attained superior performance in solving the in-domain CWS task. Last year, Bidirectional Encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Haiqin Yang

Structured embedding transformations offer a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency and coherence of language model inference. The introduction of Structural Embedding Projection (SEP) provides a mechanism for refining token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Vincent Enoasmo , Cedric Featherstonehaugh , Xavier Konstantinopoulos , Zacharias Huntington

Unsupervised learning allows us to leverage unlabelled data, which has become abundantly available, and to create embeddings that are usable on a variety of downstream tasks. However, the typical lack of interpretability of unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Gregory Scafarto , Madalina Ciortan , Simon Tihon , Quentin Ferre

We introduce the metric using BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) (Devlin et al., 2019) for automatic machine translation evaluation. The experimental results of the WMT-2017 Metrics Shared Task dataset show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Hiroki Shimanaka , Tomoyuki Kajiwara , Mamoru Komachi

Many interpretable AI approaches have been proposed to provide plausible explanations for a model's decision-making. However, configuring an explainable model that effectively communicates among computational modules has received less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jinyung Hong , Keun Hee Park , Theodore P. Pavlic

We present a novel online algorithm that learns the essence of each dimension in word embeddings by minimizing the within-group distance of contextualized embedding groups. Three state-of-the-art neural-based language models are used,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Xinyi Jiang , Zhengzhe Yang , Jinho D. Choi

The BERT family of neural language models have become highly popular due to their ability to provide sequences of text with rich context-sensitive token encodings which are able to generalise well to many NLP tasks. We introduce gaBERT, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 James Barry , Joachim Wagner , Lauren Cassidy , Alan Cowap , Teresa Lynn , Abigail Walsh , Mícheál J. Ó Meachair , Jennifer Foster

In this work, we investigate the knowledge learned in the embeddings of multimodal-BERT models. More specifically, we probe their capabilities of storing the grammatical structure of linguistic data and the structure learned over objects in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Victor Milewski , Miryam de Lhoneux , Marie-Francine Moens
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