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Machine learning systems increasingly drive innovation across scientific fields and industry, yet challenges in compute overhead, specifically during inference, limit their scalability and sustainability. Responsible AI guardrails,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jason M. Pittman

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and act across multi-step workflows with external effects, meaning trustworthy deployment can no longer be judged by task completion alone. The current literature remains fragmented across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Christopher Koch , Joshua Andreas Wellbrock

Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Huizhen Shu , Xuying Li , Zhuo Li

Decision-making in long-tail scenarios is pivotal to autonomous-driving development, and realistic and challenging simulations play a crucial role in testing safety-critical situations. However, existing open-source datasets lack systematic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Jiangcheng Wang , Kun Su , Qiang Lv , Bin Jiang , Kunkun Hao , Wenyu Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning capabilities, their deployment as embodied agents still faces fundamental challenges in long-horizon planning. Unlike open-ended text generation, embodied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiang Li , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in production environments face a fundamental safety-utility trade-off either a strict filtering mechanisms prevent harmful outputs but often block benign queries or a relaxed controls risk unsafe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ankit Sharma , Nachiket Tapas , Jyotiprakash Patra

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as planners for embodied AI, but their stochastic nature lacks formal reasoning, preventing strict safety guarantees for physical deployment. Current approaches often rely on unreliable LLMs for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Feiyu Wu , Xu Zheng , Yue Qu , Zhuocheng Wang , Zicheng Feng , Hui Li

Recent advances have shown the effectiveness of self-evolving LLM agents on tasks such as program repair and scientific discovery. In this paradigm, a planner LLM synthesizes an agent program that invokes parametric models, including LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Debangshu Banerjee , Changming Xu , Eugene Ie , Ming Zhang , Daiyi Peng , Chu-Cheng Lin , Gagandeep Singh

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed behind safety guardrails such as system prompts and content filters, especially in settings where product teams cannot modify model weights. In practice these guardrails are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Perry Abdulkadir

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their adoption across a wide range of tasks, ranging from code generation to machine translation and sentiment analysis, etc. Red teaming/Safety alignment efforts show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Essa Jan , Nouar AlDahoul , Moiz Ali , Faizan Ahmad , Fareed Zaffar , Yasir Zaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) guardrail systems are designed to protect against prompt injection and jailbreak attacks. However, they remain vulnerable to evasion techniques. We demonstrate two approaches for bypassing LLM prompt injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 William Hackett , Lewis Birch , Stefan Trawicki , Neeraj Suri , Peter Garraghan

Hard-gated safety checkers often over-refuse and misalign with a vendor's model spec; prevailing taxonomies also neglect robustness and honesty, yielding safer-on-paper yet less useful systems. This work introduces Guardian-as-an-Advisor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yue Huang , Haomin Zhuang , Jiayi Ye , Han Bao , Yanbo Wang , Hang Hua , Siyuan Wu , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

Verifying safety of neural network control systems that use images as input is a difficult problem because, from a given system state, there is no known way to mathematically model what images are possible in the real-world. We build on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Feiyang Cai , Chuchu Fan , Stanley Bak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to off-topic misuse, where users may prompt these models to perform tasks beyond their intended scope. Current guardrails, which often rely on curated examples or custom classifiers, suffer from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Gabriel Chua , Shing Yee Chan , Shaun Khoo

The autonomous AI agents using large language models can create undeniable values in all span of the society but they face security threats from adversaries that warrants immediate protective solutions because trust and safety issues arise.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Saikat Barua , Mostafizur Rahman , Md Jafor Sadek , Rafiul Islam , Shehenaz Khaled , Ahmedul Kabir

As LLM-powered agents have been used for high-stakes decision-making, such as clinical diagnosis, it becomes critical to develop reliable verification of their decisions to facilitate trustworthy deployment. Yet, existing verifiers usually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yichi Zhang , Nabeel Seedat , Yinpeng Dong , Peng Cui , Jun Zhu , Mihaela van de Schaar

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a popular solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings, dramatically reducing update costs by introducing trainable low-rank matrices. However, when integrated with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yueyan Dong , Minghui Xu , Qin Hu , Yinhao Xiao , Qi Luo , Yechao Zhang , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge bases, improving output quality while introducing new security risks. Existing studies on RAG vulnerabilities typically focus on exploiting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Pan Suo , Yu-Ming Shang , San-Chuan Guo , Xi Zhang

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is often calibrated to known attacks and generalizes poorly to unknown threats. This paper proposes GMA-SAWGAN-GP, a novel generative augmentation framework built on a Self-Attention-enhanced Wasserstein GAN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ziyu Mu , Xiyu Shi , Safak Dogan

The advancement of autonomous systems -- from legged robots to self-driving vehicles and aircraft -- necessitates executing increasingly high-performance and dynamic motions without ever putting the system or its environment in harm's way.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Andrew W. Singletary , Max H. Cohen , Tamas G. Molnar , Aaron D. Ames