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We present an approach to identifying wireless microwave tags using radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting and machine learning. The tags are designed for low cost and simplicity, consisting of only two antennas and a single nonlinear element…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Cory Hilton , Mohammad Rashid , Faiz Sherman , Steven Bush , Jeffrey A. Nanzer

This paper explores the use of ambient radio frequency (RF) signals for human presence detection through deep learning. Using WiFi signal as an example, we demonstrate that the channel state information (CSI) obtained at the receiver…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Yang Liu , Tiexing Wang , Yuexin Jiang , Biao Chen

Randomized MAC addresses aim to prevent passive device tracking, yet Wi-Fi management frames still leak structured behavioral patterns. Prior work has relied primarily on syntactic probe-request features such as Information Elements (IEs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Abhishek K. Mishra , Mathieu Cunche

Remote Sensing (RS) is a crucial technology for observing, monitoring, and interpreting our planet, with broad applications across geoscience, economics, humanitarian fields, etc. While artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Aoran Xiao , Weihao Xuan , Junjue Wang , Jiaxing Huang , Dacheng Tao , Shijian Lu , Naoto Yokoya

Deep learning (DL)-based RF fingerprinting (RFFP) technology has emerged as a powerful physical-layer security mechanism, enabling device identification and authentication based on unique device-specific signatures that can be extracted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Abdurrahman Elmaghbub , Bechir Hamdaoui

As the scale and complexity of integrated circuits continue to increase, traditional modeling methods are struggling to address the nonlinear challenges in radio frequency (RF) chips. Deep learning has been increasingly applied to RF device…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-06 Zhaokun Hu , Yindong Xiao , Houjun Wang , Jiayong Yu , Zihang Gao

This paper introduces CSI-RFF, a new framework that leverages micro-signals embedded within Channel State Information (CSI) curves to realize Radio-Frequency Fingerprinting of commodity off-the-shelf (COTS) WiFi devices for open-set…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Ruiqi Kong , He Chen

Radio frequency (RF)-based indoor localization offers significant promise for applications such as indoor navigation, augmented reality, and pervasive computing. While deep learning has greatly enhanced localization accuracy and robustness,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guosheng Wang , Shen Wang , Lei Yang

Current popular methods for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprint (MRF) recovery are bottlenecked by the heavy storage and computation requirements of a dictionary-matching (DM) step due to the growing size and complexity of the fingerprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Mohammad Golbabaee , Dongdong Chen , Pedro A. Gómez , Marion I. Menzel , Mike E. Davies

AI developers are releasing large language models (LLMs) under a variety of different licenses. Many of these licenses restrict the ways in which the models or their outputs may be used. This raises the question how license violations may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yun-Yun Tsai , Chuan Guo , Junfeng Yang , Laurens van der Maaten

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) has emerged as a promising quantitative MR imaging approach. Deep learning methods have been proposed for MRF and demonstrated improved performance over classical compressed sensing algorithms.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-27 Dongdong Chen , Mike E. Davies , Mohammad Golbabaee

Ultra-low latency, the hallmark of fifth-generation mobile communications (5G), imposes exacting timing demands on identification as well. Current cryptographic solutions introduce additional computational overhead, which results in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yingjie Sun , Guyue Li , Hongfu Chou , Aiqun Hu

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification technology, which exploits relatively stable hardware imperfections, is highly susceptible to constantly changing channel effects. Although various channel-robust RFF feature extraction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Xuan Yang , Dongming Li , Yi Lou , Xianglin Fan

Increasing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments present a growing surface over which villainous actors can carry out attacks. This disturbing revelation is amplified by the fact that a majority of IoT devices use weak or no encryption at…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Mohamed K. M. Fadul , Donald R. Reising , Lakmali P. Weerasena

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) enables simultaneous mapping of multiple tissue parameters such as T1 and T2 relaxation times. The working principle of MRF relies on varying acquisition parameters pseudo-randomly, so that each…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-03 Refik Soyak , Ebru Navruz , Eda Ozgu Ersoy , Gastao Cruz , Claudia Prieto , Andrew P. King , Devrim Unay , Ilkay Oksuz

Deep learning (DL) finds rich applications in the wireless domain to improve spectrum awareness. Typically, DL models are either randomly initialized following a statistical distribution or pretrained on tasks from other domains in the form…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Kemal Davaslioglu , Serdar Boztas , Mehmet Can Ertem , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Ender Ayanoglu

Devices authentication is one crucial aspect of any communication system. Recently, the physical layer approach radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting has gained increased interest as it provides an extra layer of security without requiring…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Da Huang , Akram Al-Hourani , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Wayne S. T. Rowe

With the rapid growth of wireless communications, specific emitter identification (SEI) is significant for communication security. However, its model training relies heavily on the large-scale labeled data, which are costly and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jingyi Wang , Fanggang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models have become powerful general-purpose reasoning systems. However, radio-frequency (RF) signals, which underpin wireless systems, are still not natively supported by these models. Existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Hang Zou , Yu Tian , Bohao Wang , Lina Bariah , Samson Lasaulce , Chongwen Huang , Mérouane Debbah

Recent advancements in radio frequency machine learning (RFML) have demonstrated the use of raw in-phase and quadrature (IQ) samples for multiple spectrum sensing tasks. Yet, deep learning techniques have been shown, in other applications,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-06 Bryse Flowers , R. Michael Buehrer , William C. Headley