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Enterprise LLM agents can dramatically improve workplace productivity, but their core capability, retrieving and using internal context to act on a user's behalf, also creates new risks for sensitive information leakage. We introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wenjie Fu , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Lukas Wutschitz , Robert Sim , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Considering the ever-evolving threat landscape and rapid changes in software development, we propose a risk assessment framework called SAFER (Software Analysis Framework for Evaluating Risk). This framework is based on the necessity of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Sarah Ali Siddiqui , Chandra Thapa , Rayne Holland , Wei Shao , Seyit Camtepe

The rapid evolution and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in professional workflows require an evaluation of their domain-specific knowledge against industry standards. We introduceCyberCertBench, a new suite of Multiple Choice Question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gustav Keppler , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems rely on in-context policy documents encoding diverse business rules. As requirements grow, these documents expand rapidly, causing high computational overhead. This motivates developing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiateng Liu , Zhenhailong Wang , Xiaojiang Huang , Yingjie Li , Xing Fan , Xiang Li , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya , Heng Ji

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents new opportunities for automated software vulnerability detection, a crucial task in securing modern codebases. This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Md Hasan Saju , Maher Muhtadi , Akramul Azim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision making in embodied agents, yet existing safety evaluations often rely on coarse success rates and domain-specific setups, making it difficult to diagnose why and where these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yejin Son , Minseo Kim , Sungwoong Kim , Seungju Han , Jian Kim , Dongju Jang , Youngjae Yu , Chanyoung Park

The rapid digitization of nuclear power plant main control rooms has fundamentally reshaped operator interaction patterns, introducing complex soft-control behaviors and elevated cognitive risks that are not adequately addressed by existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xingyu Xiao , Jiejuan Tong , Jun Sun , Zhe Sui , Peng Chen , Jingang Liang , Haitao Wang

The modern enterprise is facing an unprecedented surge in digital identities, with machine identities now significantly outnumbering human identities. This paper examines the cybersecurity risks emerging from what we define as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kush Janani

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is crucial in today's cybersecurity landscape, providing essential insights to understand and mitigate the ever-evolving cyber threats. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Le Nguyen , Nidhi Rastogi

Nuclear monitoring must considered as high precedence against national security. Now with the increasing nuclear threats it is crucial to ensure that malicious entity never procure nuclear warheads. Which comprises the prevention of illegal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Aysha Shabbir , Maryam Shabbir , Fahad Ahmad , Muhammad Rizwan

Cyber vulnerability management is a critical function of a cybersecurity operations center (CSOC) that helps protect organizations against cyber-attacks on their computer and network systems. Adversaries hold an asymmetric advantage over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Soumyadeep Hore , Ankit Shah , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Cyber-attacks keep threatening global networks and information infrastructures. The threat is getting more and more destructive and hard to counter day by day as the global networks continue to enlarge exponentially with limited security…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Ahmet Orun , Emre Orun , Fatih Kurugollu

While incorporating LLMs into systems offers significant benefits in critical application areas such as healthcare, new security challenges emerge due to the potential cyber kill chain cycles that combine adversarial model, prompt injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi

This paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) should incorporate explicit mechanisms for human empathy. As LLMs become increasingly deployed in high-stakes human-centered settings, their success depends not only on correctness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Jun Yu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly proposed to automate offensive security tasks, with recent studies reporting near human-level success rates in Capture-the-Flag (CTF) challenges. We here revisit these results, providing a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Youness Bouchari , Matteo Boffa , Marco Mellia , Idilio Drago , Thanh Minh Bui , Dario Rossi

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate native code interpreters, they enable powerful real-time execution capabilities, substantially expanding their utility. However, such integrations introduce potential system-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Gabriel Chua

While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable potential in Question Answering (QA), evaluating personalization remains a critical bottleneck. Existing paradigms predominantly rely on lexical-level similarity or manual heuristics, often lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hang Su , Zequn Liu , Chen Hu , Xuesong Lu , Yingce Xia , Zhen Liu

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional progress in multiple domains of software engineering including software vulnerability detection. Using LLMs to automate vulnerability detection in the wild is an important and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rijha Safdar , Danyail Mateen , Syed Taha Ali , Wajahat Hussain

Threat modeling is a crucial component of cybersecurity, particularly for industries such as banking, where the security of financial data is paramount. Traditional threat modeling approaches require expert intervention and manual effort,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tingmin Wu , Shuiqiao Yang , Shigang Liu , David Nguyen , Seung Jang , Alsharif Abuadbba