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Large language models (LLMs) excel in generating fluent utterances but can lack reliable grounding in verified information. At the same time, knowledge-graph-based fact-checkers deliver precise and interpretable evidence, yet suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Shaghayegh Kolli , Richard Rosenbaum , Timo Cavelius , Lasse Strothe , Andrii Lata , Jana Diesner

The recent developments and growing interest in neural-symbolic models has shown that hybrid approaches can offer richer models for Artificial Intelligence. The integration of effective relational learning and reasoning methods is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Marcelo Prates , Luís Lamb , Artur Garcez

This paper introduces a neuro-symbolic approach for relational exploration in cultural heritage knowledge graphs, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for explanation generation and a novel mathematical framework to quantify the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Mohammed Maree

In the recent past, there has been a growing interest in Neural-Symbolic Integration frameworks, i.e., hybrid systems that integrate connectionist and symbolic approaches to obtain the best of both worlds. In a previous work, we proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Alessandro Daniele , Luciano Serafini

Long-term memory is becoming a central bottleneck for language agents. Exsting RAG and GraphRAG systems largely treat memory graphs as static retrieval middleware, which limits their ability to recover complete evidence chains from partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juntong Wang , Haoyue Zhao , guanghui Pan , Xiyuan Wang , Yanbo Wang , Qiyan Deng , Muhan Zhang

We present ChatR1, a reasoning framework based on reinforcement learning (RL) for conversational question answering (CQA). Reasoning plays an important role in CQA, where user intent evolves across dialogue turns, and utterances are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Multi-hop QA requires a model to connect multiple pieces of evidence scattered in a long context to answer the question. The recently proposed HotpotQA (Yang et al., 2018) dataset is comprised of questions embodying four different multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing LLM-based deep search agents. However, existing approaches primarily rely on binary outcome rewards, which fail to capture the comprehensiveness and factuality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiajie Zhang , Xin Lv , Ling Feng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

We focus on a conversational question answering task which combines the challenges of understanding questions in context and reasoning over evidence gathered from heterogeneous sources like text, knowledge graphs, tables, and infoboxes. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Parag Jain , Mirella Lapata

Large language models are increasingly used for vulnerability detection, yet their reliability under different prompt formulations remains uncharacterized. We present PromptAudit, a controlled evaluation framework that isolates prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Steffen J. Camarato , Yahya Hmaiti , Mandana Ghadamian , David Mohaisen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities across various tasks. However, even minor variations in query phrasing, despite preserving the underlying semantic meaning, can significantly affect their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Miao Li , William Han , Yuyou Zhang , Emerson Liu , Zuxin Liu , Chuang Gan , Ding Zhao

Relational databases store much of the world's structured information, and they are essential for driving complex predictive applications. However, deep learning progress on relational data remains limited, as conventional approaches…

Ensuring reliable data-driven decisions is crucial in domains where analytical accuracy directly impacts safety, compliance, or operational outcomes. Decision support in such domains relies on large tabular datasets, where manual analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Shuai Wang , Robert Feldt , Dhasarathy Parthasarathy , Yinan Yu

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination and knowledge staleness in Large Language Models (LLMs), existing frameworks often falter on complex, multi-hop queries that require synthesizing information from disparate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohammad Aghajani Asl , Majid Asgari-Bidhendi , Behrooz Minaei-Bidgoli

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

In current Large Language Models we can trust the production of smoothly flowing prose on the basis of the principles of machine learning. However, there is no comparably principled basis to justify trust in the content of the text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leslie G. Valiant

In the recent past, there has been a growing interest in Neural-Symbolic Integration frameworks, i.e., hybrid systems that integrate connectionist and symbolic approaches to obtain the best of both worlds. In this work we focus on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Alessandro Daniele , Luciano Serafini

We introduce RelNet: a new model for relational reasoning. RelNet is a memory augmented neural network which models entities as abstract memory slots and is equipped with an additional relational memory which models relations between all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Trapit Bansal , Arvind Neelakantan , Andrew McCallum

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly mitigated the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding the generation with external knowledge. Recent extensions of RAG to graph-based retrieval offer a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jialin Chen , Houyu Zhang , Seongjun Yun , Alejandro Mottini , Rex Ying , Xiang Song , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Zheng Li , Qingjun Cui

Large language model retrievers improve performance on complex queries, but their practical value depends on efficiency, robustness, and reliable confidence signals in addition to accuracy. We reproduce a reasoning-intensive retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Jamie Holdcroft , Mohammed Ali , Adam Jatowt