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Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) are vital infrastructures, and contamination poses serious public health risks. Harmful substances can interact with disinfectants like chlorine, making chlorine monitoring essential for detecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jin Li , Kleanthis Malialis , Stelios G. Vrachimis , Marios M. Polycarpou

In this paper, we propose and evaluate the application of unsupervised machine learning to anomaly detection for a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). We compare two methods: Deep Neural Networks (DNN) adapted to time series data generated by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Jun Inoue , Yoriyuki Yamagata , Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

As power systems evolve with increased integration of renewable energy sources, they become more complex and vulnerable to both cyber and physical threats. This study validates a centralized Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) algorithm designed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Emad Abukhousa , Syed Sohail Feroz Syed Afroz , Fahad Alsaeed , Abdulaziz Qwbaiban , A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos

The real-time supervision of production processes is a common challenge across several industries. It targets process component monitoring and its predictive maintenance in order to ensure safety, uninterrupted production and maintain high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Osimone Imhogiemhe , Yoann Jus , Hubert Lejeune , Saïd Moussaoui

Digital twin (DT) technology enables real-time simulation, prediction, and optimization of physical systems, but practical deployment faces challenges from high data requirements, proprietary data constraints, and limited adaptability to…

The digital twins (DTs) of physical systems and environments enable real-time remote tracking, control, and learning, but require low-latency transmission of updates and sensory data to maintain alignment with their physical counterparts.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Fabio Saggese , Federico Chiariotti , Shashi Raj Pandey , Henk Wymeersch , Luca Sanguinetti , Petar Popovski

Network digital twins (NDTs) are transforming network management by offering precise virtual replicas of physical network systems. However, their reliance on diverse and sensitive data introduces significant challenges related to data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zifan Zhang , Dianwei Chen , Anjun Gao , Manhua Wang , Mingzhe Chen , Minghong Fang , Xianfeng Yang , Yuchen Liu

Cyber-physical systems are infrastructures that use digital information such as network communications and sensor readings to control entities in the physical world. Many cyber-physical systems in airports, hospitals and nuclear power…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Nuno Oliveira , Norberto Sousa , Jorge Oliveira , Isabel Praça

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) is fundamental for advanced software development, supporting faster and more efficient delivery of code changes into cloud environments. However, security issues in the CI/CD pipeline…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Sabbir M. Saleh , Ibrahim Mohammed Sayem , Nazim Madhavji , John Steinbacher

The concept of creating a virtual copy of a complete Cyber-Physical System opens up numerous possibilities, including real-time assessments of the physical environment and continuous learning from the system to provide reliable and precise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Carine Menezes Rebello , Johannes Jäschkea , Idelfonso B. R. Nogueira

In non-terrestrial networks (NTN), high-speed satellite orbital motion, limited pilot signaling resources, and spatiotemporally heterogeneous traffic make accurate channel and traffic state characterization particularly challenging. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Xinyu Huang , Yixiao Zhang , Xue Qin , Mingcheng He , Junling Li , Weihua Zhuang , Xuemin Shen

Digital twins, which are a new concept in industrial control systems (ICS), play a key role in realizing the vision of a smart factory, and they can have different effective use cases. With digital twins, we have virtual replicas of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-08 Fatemeh Akbarian , Emma Fitzgerald , Maria Kihl

As 6G advances, ubiquitous connectivity and higher capacity requirements of the air interface pose substantial challenges for accurate and real-time wireless channel acquisition in diverse environments. Conventional statistical channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Yichen Cai , Yuelong Qiu , Jianhua Zhang , Li Yu , Yuxiang Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Guangyi Liu

Anomaly detection for cyber-physical systems (ADCPS) is crucial in identifying faults and potential attacks by analyzing the time series of sensor measurements and actuator states. However, current methods lack adaptation to data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiyu Tian , Mingchu Li , Liming Chen , Zumin Wang

Recently, the concept of digital twins (DTs) has received significant attention within the realm of 5G/6G. This demonstration shows an innovative DT design and implementation framework tailored toward integration within the 5G…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Peizheng Li , Adnan Aijaz , Tim Farnham , Sajida Gufran , Sita Chintalapati

To ensure the availability and reduce the downtime of complex cyber-physical systems across different domains, e.g., agriculture and manufacturing, fault tolerance mechanisms are implemented which are complex in both their development and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Irina Muntean , Mirgita Frasheri , Tiziano Munaro

Semantic communication has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling goal-oriented networking. However, most existing semantic communication solutions are tailored to one-shot tasks and optimize instantaneous performance. Hence, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lingyi Wang , Tingyu Shui , Walid Saad , Pascal Adjakple

In an Industrial Control System (ICS), its complex network of sensors, actuators and controllers have raised security concerns for critical infrastructures and industrial production units. This opinion paper strives to initiate discussion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Jay Prakash , Jianying Zhou

CI/CD pipelines are central to DevOps practices, yet their growing complexity makes them increasingly difficult to interpret, analyze, and systematically evolve. Existing tooling primarily offers execution logs and static graph…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Achref Samoud , Sara Aissat , Francis Bordeleau

Over the recent years, the protection of the so-called `soft-targets', i.e. locations easily accessible by the general public with relatively low, though, security measures, has emerged as a rather challenging and increasingly important…

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