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Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on their linguistic reasoning capabilities is an important task to understand the gaps in their skills that may surface during large-scale adoption. In this work, we investigate the abilities of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Raghav Ramji , Keshav Ramji

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning, and test-time scaling techniques can enhance their performance with comparably low cost. Many of these methods have been developed and evaluated on…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in biomedical and clinical applications, motivating rigorous evaluation of their ability to answer nuanced, evidence-based questions. We curate a multi-source benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Can Wang , Yiqun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Table reasoning (TR) requires structured reasoning over semi-structured tabular data and remains challenging, particularly for small language models (SLMs, e.g., LLaMA-8B) due to their limited capacity compared to large LMs (LLMs, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Rihui Jin , Zheyu Xin , Xing Xie , Zuoyi Li , Guilin Qi , Yongrui Chen , Xinbang Dai , Tongtong Wu , Gholamreza Haffari

Reasoning about time and temporal relations is an integral aspect of human cognition, essential for perceiving the world and navigating our experiences. Though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Nick Beauchamp , Lu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant performance gains via scaling up model sizes and/or data. However, recent evidence suggests diminishing returns from such approaches, motivating scaling the computation spent at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Isha Puri , Shivchander Sudalairaj , Guangxuan Xu , Kai Xu , Akash Srivastava

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical applications such as disease diagnosis and treatment planning. However, most existing medical LLMs struggle with the deep reasoning required for complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Hongzhou Yu , Tianhao Cheng , Yingwen Wang , Wen He , Qing Wang , Ying Cheng , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Xiaobo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Although many benchmarks evaluate the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) within domains such as mathematics, coding, or data wrangling, few abstract away from domain specifics to examine reasoning as a capability in and of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Atharva Naik , Prakam , Yash Mathur , Darsh Agrawal , Manav Kapadnis , Yuwei An , Clayton Marr , Carolyn Rose , David Mortensen

Prompting methods play a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs). We explore how contrastive prompting (CP) significantly improves the ability of large language models to perform complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Liang Yao

Recent reasoning LLMs (RLMs), especially those trained with verifier-based reinforcement learning, often perform worse with few-shot CoT than with direct answering. We revisit this paradox using high-quality reasoning traces from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haonan Wang , Weida Liang , Zihang Fu , Nie Zheng , Yifan Zhang , Yao Tong , Tongyao Zhu , Hao Jiang , Chuang Li , Jiaying Wu , Kenji Kawaguchi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in many complex tasks including mathematical reasoning. However, traditional approaches heavily rely on ensuring self-consistency within single prompting method, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gisang Lee , Sangwoo Park , Junyoung Park , Andrew Chung , Sieun Park , Yoonah Park , Byungju Kim , Min-gyu Cho

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced their performance by enabling in-depth understanding of diverse tasks. With growing interest in applying LLMs to the time series domain, this has proven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Shunyu Wu , Haozheng Ye , Jian Lou , Costas J. Spanos

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) has recently caught increasing attention due to its superior few-shot performance on various tasks. However, its performance on text-to-SQL parsing still has much room for improvement.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Chang-You Tai , Ziru Chen , Tianshu Zhang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

The reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on a wide range of problems critically relies on chain-of-thought prompting, which involves providing a few chain of thought demonstrations as exemplars in prompts. Recent work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Sijia Chen , Baochun Li , Di Niu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in reasoning tasks with the development of prompting methods. However, existing prompting approaches cannot reuse insights of solving similar problems and suffer from accumulated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Junchi Yu , Ran He , Rex Ying

The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding reasoning capabilities on mathematical and coding tasks. However, their application to financial tasks-especially the most fundamental task of stock movement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xueyuan Lin , Cehao Yang , Ye Ma , Ming Li , Rongjunchen Zhang , Yang Ni , Xiaojun Wu , Chengjin Xu , Jian Guo , Hui Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning. However, their ability to perform exact, deterministic computation remains unclear. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongkun Yu
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