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We study online Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where new agents are constantly revealed over time and all agents must find collision-free paths to their given goal locations. We generalize existing complexity results of (offline) MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hang Ma

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) under one-shot planning is a core component of warehouse automation, yet classical formulations typically assume four-connected 2D grids with unit-time moves in four directions. To fill reality gaps while…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hiroki Nagai , Keisuke Okumura

Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) is a challenging extension of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where agents are required to sequentially complete tasks with fixed-location pickup and delivery demands. Although learning-based methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zeyuan Zhao , Chaoran Li , Shao Zhang , Ying Wen

We study the problem of optimizing a guidance policy capable of dynamically guiding the agents for lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding based on real-time traffic patterns. Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) focuses on moving multiple agents from…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongzhi Zang , Yulun Zhang , He Jiang , Zhe Chen , Daniel Harabor , Peter J. Stuckey , Jiaoyang Li

This paper addresses the challenges of real-time, large-scale, and near-optimal multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) through enhancements to the recently proposed LaCAM* algorithm. LaCAM* is a scalable search-based algorithm that guarantees the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Keisuke Okumura

We study two state-of-the-art solutions to the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem based on different principles -- multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, a recent MAPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Biswa Sengupta

Safe navigation is essential for autonomous systems operating in hazardous environments, especially when multiple agents must coordinate using only high-dimensional visual observations. While recent approaches successfully combine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Viraj Parimi , Brian C. Williams

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), which focuses on finding collision-free paths for multiple robots, is crucial in autonomous warehouse operations. Lifelong MAPF (L-MAPF), where agents are continuously reassigned new targets upon completing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yimin Tang , Zhenghong Yu , Yi Zheng , T. K. Satish Kumar , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

Multi-agent path planning is a challenging problem with numerous real-life applications. Running a centralized search such as A* in the combined state space of all units is complete and cost-optimal, but scales poorly, as the state space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Ko-Hsin Cindy Wang , Adi Botea

As industries increasingly adopt large robotic fleets, there is a pressing need for computationally efficient, practical, and optimal conflict-free path planning for multiple robots. Conflict-Based Search (CBS) is a popular method for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Scott Fredriksson , Yifan Bai , Akshit Saradagi , George Nikolakopoulos

In a multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problem, agents need to navigate from their start to their goal locations without colliding into each other. There are various MAPF algorithms, including Windowed Hierarchical Cooperative A*, Flow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Devon Sigurdson , Vadim Bulitko , Sven Koenig , Carlos Hernandez , William Yeoh

Cooperative path-finding in multi-agent systems demands scalable solutions to navigate agents from their origins to destinations without conflict. Despite the breadth of research, scalability remains hampered by increased computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jinmingwu Jiang , Kaigui Wu , Haiyang Liu , Ren Zhang , Jingxin Liu , Yong He , Xipeng Kou

The goal of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is to find a set of paths for a fleet of agents moving in a shared environment such that the agents reach their goals without colliding with each other. In practice, some of the robots executing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-15 David Zahrádka , Denisa Mužíková , David Woller , Miroslav Kulich , Jiří Švancara , Roman Barták

We present Scalable Multi-Agent Realistic Testbed (SMART), a realistic and efficient software tool for evaluating Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) algorithms. MAPF focuses on planning collision-free paths for a group of robots. While…

Multi-Robot Path Planning (MRPP) on graphs, equivalently known as Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), is a well-established NP-hard problem with critically important applications. As serial computation in (near)-optimally solving MRPP…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Teng Guo , Jingjin Yu

In modern fulfillment warehouses, agents traverse the map to complete endless tasks that arrive on the fly, which is formulated as a lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (lifelong MAPF) problem. The goal of tackling this challenging problem is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ming-Feng Li , Min Sun

Multi-agent path finding in formation has many potential real-world applications like mobile warehouse robots. However, previous multi-agent path finding (MAPF) methods hardly take formation into consideration. Furthermore, they are usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Shanqi Liu , Licheng Wen , Jinhao Cui , Xuemeng Yang , Junjie Cao , Yong Liu

Since more and more algorithms are proposed for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) and each of them has its strengths, choosing the correct one for a specific scenario that fulfills some specified requirements is an important task. Previous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Zhihan Wang , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Multi-agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) is a challenging industrial problem where a team of robots is tasked with transporting a set of tasks, each from an initial location and each to a specified target location. Appearing in the context of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Zhe Chen , Javier Alonso-Mora , Xiaoshan Bai , Daniel D. Harabor , Peter J. Stuckey

Decentralized multi-agent path finding (MAPF) routes a team of agents on a shared grid, each acting from its own local view. The standard solution trains one shared neural policy with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a popular on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Riad Ahmed