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Consensus protocols are currently the bottlenecks that prevent blockchain systems from scaling. However, we argue that transaction execution is also important to the performance and security of blockchains. In other words, there are ample…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Daniël Reijsbergen , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh

DeFi, or Decentralized Finance, is based on a distributed ledger called blockchain technology. Using blockchain, DeFi may customize the execution of predetermined operations between parties. The DeFi system use blockchain technology to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Wenkai Li , Jiuyang Bu , Xiaoqi Li , Hongli Peng , Yuanzheng Niu , Yuqing Zhang

Blockchains, and specifically smart contracts, have promised to create fair and transparent trading ecosystems. Unfortunately, we show that this promise has not been met. We document and quantify the widespread and rising deployment of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Philip Daian , Steven Goldfeder , Tyler Kell , Yunqi Li , Xueyuan Zhao , Iddo Bentov , Lorenz Breidenbach , Ari Juels

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services have become a primary gateway for users to access public blockchains. While they offer significant convenience, RPC services also introduce critical privacy challenges that remain insufficiently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shan Wang , Ming Yang , Yu Liu , Yue Zhang , Shuaiqing Zhang , Zhen Ling , Jiannong Cao , Xinwen Fu

Traditional public blockchain systems typically had very limited transaction throughput because of the bottleneck of the consensus protocol itself. With recent advances in consensus technology, the performance limit has been greatly lifted,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Péter Garamvölgyi , Yuxi Liu , Dong Zhou , Fan Long , Ming Wu

Much of the recent excitement around decentralized finance (DeFi) comes from hopes that DeFi can be a secure, private, less centralized alternative to traditional finance systems. However, people moving to DeFi sites in hopes of improving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Philipp Winter , Anna Harbluk Lorimer , Peter Snyder , Benjamin Livshits

In recent years blockchain technology has received tremendous attention. Blockchain users are known by a changeable Public Key (PK) that introduces a level of anonymity, however, studies have shown that anonymized transactions can be linked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Ali Dorri , Clemence Roulin , Shantanu Pal , Sarah Baalbaki , Raja Jurdak , Salil Kanhere

The application of Bitcoin enables people to understand blockchain technology gradually. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that does not rely on third-party credit institutions, and the core of Bitcoin's underlying technology is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yuhuan Yang , Shipeng Ye , Xiaoqi Li

How to audit outsourced data in centralized storage like cloud is well-studied, but it is largely under-explored for the rising decentralized storage network (DSN) that bodes well for a billion-dollar market. To realize DSN as a usable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Yuefeng Du , Huayi Duan , Anxin Zhou , Cong Wang , Man Ho Au , Qian Wang

Ethereum is a permissionless blockchain ecosystem that supports execution of smart contracts, the key enablers of decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFT). However, the expressiveness of Ethereum smart contracts is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Nikolay Ivanov , Qiben Yan , Anurag Kompalli

Bitcoin introduced delegation of control over a monetary system from a select few to all who participate in that system. This delegation is known as the decentralization of controlling power and is a powerful security mechanism for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Ashish Rajendra Sai , Jim Buckley , Brian Fitzgerald , Andrew Le Gear

Blockchain technology promises to democratize finance and promote social equity through decentralization, but questions remain about whether current implementations advance or hinder these goals. Through a mixed-methods study combining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Faisal Haque Bappy , EunJeong Cheon , Tariqul Islam

The financial sector's adoption of technology-driven data analysis has enhanced operational efficiency and revenue generation by leveraging personal sensitive data. However, the inherent characteristics of blockchain hinder decentralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Zhuangtong Huang , Jiawei Zhu , Zhongyu Huang , Yixin Xu , Jerome Yen , Ye Wang

Blockchain technology transformed the digital sphere by providing a transparent, secure, and decentralized platform for data security across a range of industries, including cryptocurrencies and supply chain management. Blockchain's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bilash Saha , Md Mehedi Hasan , Nafisa Anjum , Sharaban Tahora , Aiasha Siddika , Hossain Shahriar

The Bitcoin system is an anonymous, decentralized crypto-currency. There are some deanonymizating techniques to cluster Bitcoin addresses and to map them to users' identifications in the two research directions of Analysis of Transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-28 QingChun ShenTu , JianPing Yu

Internet of Things (IoT) is now evolving into a loosely coupled, decentralized system of cooperating smart objects, where high- speed data processing, analytics and shorter response times are becoming more necessary than ever. Such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Gokhan Sagirlar , Barbara Carminati , Elena Ferrari

Blockchains are modern distributed systems that provide decentralized financial capabilities with trustable guarantees. Smart contracts are programs written in specialized programming languages running on a blockchain and govern how tokens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Margarita Capretto , Martin Ceresa , Cesar Sanchez

Blockchain systems come with the promise of being inclusive for a variety of decentralized applications (DApps) that can serve different purposes and have different urgency requirements. Despite this, the transaction fee mechanisms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Aggelos Kiayias , Elias Koutsoupias , Philip Lazos , Giorgos Panagiotakos

As new project upgrading the blockchain industry, novel forms of attack challenges developers to rethink about the design of their innovations. In the growth stage of the development, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zayn Wang , Frank Pu , Vinci Cheung , Robert Hao

Contact tracing has been proven an effective approach to control the virus spread in pandemics like COVID-19 pandemic. As an emerging powerful decentralized technique, blockchain has been explored to ensure data privacy and security in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Xiao Li , Weili Wu , Tiantian Chen