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While multimodal large language models excel at tasks that integrate visual perception with symbolic reasoning, their performance is often undermined by a critical vulnerability: perception-induced errors that propagate through the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Songjun Tu , Qichao Zhang , Jingbo Sun , Yuqian Fu , Linjing Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongmei Jiang , Yaowei Wang , Dongbin Zhao

Multimodal reasoning remains a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence. Despite substantial advances in text-based reasoning, even state-of-the-art models such as GPT-o3 struggle to maintain strong performance in multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Liang , Ruitao Wu , Bohan Zeng , Junbo Niu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Dong

Plane Geometry Problem Solving (PGPS) is a multimodal reasoning task that aims to solve a plane geometric problem based on a geometric diagram and problem textual descriptions. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) possess strong reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingyun Wang , Dian Li , Xiaohan Wang , Gang Liu , Jiahong Yan , Guoliang Kang

Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics and plays a crucial role in evaluating the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal mathematics benchmarks mainly focus on plane…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Peijie Wang , Chao Yang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Dekang Ran , Mi Tian , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Cheng-Lin Liu

Image captioning has long been regarded as a fundamental task in visual understanding. Recently, however, few large vision-language model (LVLM) research discusses model's image captioning performance because of the outdated short-caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hongyuan Dong , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Jiacong Wang , Yuan Zhang , Haoyuan Guo

Evaluating the symbolic reasoning of large language models (LLMs) calls for geometry benchmarks that require multi-step proofs grounded in both text and diagrams. However, existing benchmarks are often limited in scale and rarely provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yushun Zhang , Weiping Fu , Zesheng Yang , Bo Zhao , Lingling Zhang , Jian Zhang , Yumeng Fu , Jiaxing Huang , Jun Liu

Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

Image captioning has been a longstanding challenge in vision-language research. With the rise of LLMs, modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) generate detailed and comprehensive image descriptions. However, benchmarking the quality of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kanzhi Cheng , Wenpo Song , Jiaxin Fan , Zheng Ma , Qiushi Sun , Fangzhi Xu , Chenyang Yan , Nuo Chen , Jianbing Zhang , Jiajun Chen

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced greatly in general tasks. However, they still face challenges in geometric reasoning, a task that requires synergistic integration of visual recognition proficiency and complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhihao Li , Yao Du , Yang Liu , Yan Zhang , Yufang Liu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Despite strong performance on vision-language tasks, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with mathematical problem-solving, with both open-source and state-of-the-art models falling short of human performance on visual-math…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 William Rudman , Michal Golovanevsky , Amir Bar , Vedant Palit , Yann LeCun , Carsten Eickhoff , Ritambhara Singh

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in integrating visual and linguistic understanding. Existing benchmarks typically focus on high-level semantic capabilities, such as scene understanding and visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shangyu Xing , Changhao Xiang , Yuteng Han , Yifan Yue , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Liu , Zhangtai Wu , Fei Zhao , Xinyu Dai

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate proficiency in 2D scenes, extending their perceptual intelligence to 3D point cloud understanding remains a significant challenge. Current approaches focus primarily on aligning 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Dongxu Zhang , Yiding Sun , Pengcheng Li , Yumou Liu , Hongqiang Lin , Haoran Xu , Xiaoxuan Mu , Liang Lin , Wenbiao Yan , Ning Yang , Chaowei Fang , Juanjuan Zhao , Jihua Zhu , Conghui He , Cheng Tan

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have enhanced the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), yet the impact on multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) is limited. Particularly in vision-intensive tasks like geometric reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Guizhen Chen , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Hou Pong Chan , Deli Zhao , Anh Tuan Luu , Yu Rong

Multimodal large language models have various practical applications that demand strong reasoning abilities. Despite recent advancements, these models still struggle to solve complex geometric problems. A key challenge stems from the lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yue Xin , Wenyuan Wang , Rui Pan , Ruida Wang , Howard Meng , Renjie Pi , Shizhe Diao , Tong Zhang

Despite recent advances in multimodal reasoning, representing auxiliary geometric constructions remains a fundamental challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Such constructions are absent from the original diagram and must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haiying Xu , Zihan Wang , Song Dai , Zhengxuan Zhang , Kairan Dou , Xuming Hu

Image captioning is one of the most fundamental tasks in computer vision. Owing to its open-ended nature, it has received significant attention in the era of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In pursuit of ever more detailed and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shaokai Ye , Vasileios Saveris , Yihao Qian , Jiaming Hu , Elmira Amirloo , Peter Grasch

Geometric problem solving constitutes a critical branch of mathematical reasoning, requiring precise analysis of shapes and spatial relationships. Current evaluations of geometric reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) face limitations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Feng , Yue Yang , Xiaohan He , Jiatong Zhao , Jianlong Chen , Zijun Chen , Daocheng Fu , Qi Liu , Renqiu Xia , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have transformed tasks requiring visual and reasoning abilities, such as image retrieval and Visual Question Answering (VQA). Despite their success, VLMs face significant challenges with tasks involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ayush Singh , Mansi Gupta , Shivank Garg , Abhinav Kumar , Vansh Agrawal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently shown promising progress in geospatial reasoning. However, existing remote sensing benchmarks remain largely 2D-centric, evaluating models primarily on optical appearance. In natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jing Huang , Duanchu Wang , Junjie Yang , Zihang Cheng , Cheng Li , Lin Cui , Zhouyi Wu , Di Wang
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