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Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly power autonomous agents in robotics and embodied AI, understanding their spatial reasoning capabilities becomes crucial for ensuring reliable real-world deployment. Despite advances in language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hafsteinn Einarsson

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing with their exceptional understanding, synthesizing, and reasoning capabilities. However, deploying LLMs on resource-constrained edge devices presents significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yue Zheng , Yuhao Chen , Bin Qian , Xiufang Shi , Yuanchao Shu , Jiming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted a wide array of domains, including healthcare, engineering, science, education, and mathematical reasoning. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Afrar Jahin , Arif Hassan Zidan , Wei Zhang , Yu Bao , Tianming Liu

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is an essential task in evaluating natural language understanding. Existing MRC datasets primarily assess specific aspects of reading comprehension (RC), lacking a comprehensive MRC benchmark. To fill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shengkun Ma , Hao Peng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Recent research has highlighted that Large Language Models (LLMs), even when trained to generate extended long reasoning steps, still face significant challenges on hard reasoning problems. However, much of the existing literature relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fanzeng Xia , Yidong Luo , Tinko Sebastian Bartels , Yaqi Xu , Tongxin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable improvements in reasoning and many existing benchmarks have been addressed by models such as o1 and o3 either fully or partially. However, a majority of these benchmarks emphasize deductive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenyue Hua , Tyler Wong , Sun Fei , Liangming Pan , Adam Jardine , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities, achieving impressive results across a wide range of tasks. Despite these advances, significant reasoning failures persist, occurring even in seemingly simple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Peiyang Song , Pengrui Han , Noah Goodman

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Large language models (LLMs), a recent advance in deep learning and machine intelligence, have manifested astonishing capacities, now considered among the most promising for artificial general intelligence. With human-like capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhilun Zhou , Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li , James Evans

Evaluating reasoning ability in Large Language Models (LLMs) is important for advancing artificial intelligence, as it transcends mere linguistic task performance. It involves understanding whether these models truly understand information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Benjamin Grando Moreira

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide spectrum of tasks; however, they still face limitations in scenarios that demand long-term planning and spatial reasoning. To facilitate this line of research, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mohamed Aghzal , Erion Plaku , Ziyu Yao

As large language models (LLMs) are applied to increasingly longer and more complex tasks, there is a growing need for realistic long-context benchmarks that require selective reading and integration of heterogeneous, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Aadi Palnitkar , Mingyang Mao , Nicholas Waytowich , Vinicius G. Goecks , Xiaomin Lin

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) on traditional natural language processing tasks, their planning ability remains a critical bottleneck in tackling complex multi-step reasoning tasks. Existing approaches mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jiaxin Wen , Jian Guan , Hongning Wang , Wei Wu , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to convert natural language descriptions into mathematical optimization formulations. Current evaluations often treat formulations as a whole, relying on coarse metrics like solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dania Refai , Moataz Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the state-of-the-art of many different natural language processing tasks. Although serving LLMs is computationally and memory demanding, the rise of Small Language Models (SLMs) offers new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Pol G. Recasens , Yue Zhu , Chen Wang , Eun Kyung Lee , Olivier Tardieu , Alaa Youssef , Jordi Torres , Josep Ll. Berral

There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for boosting organizational efficiency and automating tasks. While not originally designed for complex cognitive processes, recent efforts have further extended to employ LLMs in activities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Inna Skarbovsky
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