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Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a hardware security primitive with a desirable feature of low-cost. Based on the space of challenge-response pairs (CRPs), it has two categories:weak PUF and strong PUF. Though designing a reliable and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jianrong Yao , Lihui Pang , Zhi Zhang , Wei Yang , Anmin Fu , Yansong Gao

The union-find decoder is a leading algorithmic approach to the correction of quantum errors on the surface code, achieving code thresholds comparable to minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) with amortised computational time scaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Sam J. Griffiths , Dan E. Browne

In the standard polar code construction, the message vector $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{n-1})$ is divided into information bits and frozen bits according to the reliability of each $U_i$ given $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{i-1})$ and all the channel outputs.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Guodong Li , Min Ye , Sihuang Hu

We propose a nonuniform quantized decoder for polar codes. The design metric of the quantizers is to minimize the distortion incurred by quantization. The quantizers are obtained via dynamic programming and the optimality of the quantizer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Zhiwei Cao , Hongfei Zhu , Yuping Zhao , Dou Li

Disordered photonic structures are promising materials for the realization of physical unclonable functions (PUF), physical objects that can overcome the limitations of conventional digital security methods and that enable cryptographic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Sara Nocentini , Ulrich Rührmair , Mauro Barni , Diederik S. Wiersma , Francesco Riboli

A scheme for concatenating the recently invented polar codes with non-binary MDS codes, as Reed-Solomon codes, is considered. By concatenating binary polar codes with interleaved Reed-Solomon codes, we prove that the proposed concatenation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Hessam Mahdavifar , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee , Inyup Kang

Fast decoders that achieve strong error suppression are essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) from both practical and theoretical perspectives. The union-find (UF) decoder for the surface code is widely regarded as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Satoshi Yoshida , Ethan Lake , Hayata Yamasaki

In order to protect devices from physical manipulations, protective security enclosures were developed. However, these battery-backed solutions come with a reduced lifetime, and have to be actively and continuously monitored. In order to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Kathrin Garb , Marvin Xhemrishi , Ludwig Kürzinger , Christoph Frisch

This paper proposes a polar code construction scheme that reduces constituent-code supplemented decoding latency. Constituent codes are the sub-codewords with specific patterns. They are used to accelerate the successive cancellation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Tiben Che , Gwan Choi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are gaining attention in the cryptography community because of the ability to efficiently harness the intrinsic variability in the manufacturing process. However, this means that they are noisy devices…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Xinhui Lai , Maksim Jenihhin , Georgios Selimis , Sven Goossens , Roel Maes , Kolin Paul

The training complexity of deep learning-based channel decoders scales exponentially with the codebook size and therefore with the number of information bits. Thus, neural network decoding (NND) is currently only feasible for very short…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Sebastian Cammerer , Tobias Gruber , Jakob Hoydis , Stephan ten Brink

The paper investigates the emerging field of low-complexity non-binary polar code (NB-PC) decoders. It shows that customizing each kernel of an NB-PC decoder through offline analysis can significantly reduce the overall decoding complexity.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Joseph Jabbour , Ali Chamas Al-Ghouwayel , Emmanuel Boutillon

A fault-tolerant quantum computer must decode and correct errors faster than they appear. The faster errors can be corrected, the more time the computer can do useful work. The Union-Find (UF) decoder is promising with an average time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Namitha Liyanage , Yue Wu , Alexander Deters , Lin Zhong

In successive cancellation (SC) polar decoding, an incorrect estimate of any prior unfrozen bit may bring about severe error propagation in the following decoding, thus it is desirable to find out and correct an error as early as possible.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Zhaoyang Zhang , Kangjian Qin , Liang Zhang , Huazi Zhang , Guo Tai Chen

A successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder with limited list size for polar codes can not be analyzed as a successive cancellation (SC) decoder, nor as a maximum likelihood (ML) decoder, due to the complicated decoding errors caused by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Tao Wang , Daiming Qu , Tao Jiang

Polar codes have attracted much attention in the past decade due to their capacity-achieving performance. The higher decoding capacity is required for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G). Although the cyclic redundancy check (CRC)- assisted successive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-12 Chun-Hsiang Chen , Chieh-Fang Teng , An-Yeu Wu

This paper presents a refined analysis of the block error rate (BLER) of polar codes over symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels under successive cancellation (SC) and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. A novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hassan Noghrei , Murad Abdullah

The recently introduced polar codes constitute a breakthrough in coding theory due to their capacityachieving property. This goes hand in hand with a quasilinear construction, encoding, and successive cancellation list decoding procedures…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Kirill Ivanov , Rüdiger Urbanke

Polar codes have received growing attention in the past decade and have been selected as the coding scheme for the control channel in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, the conventional polar codes have only…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Hossein Rezaei , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

In this paper, we investigate a coupled polar code architecture that supports both local and global decoding. This local-global construction is motivated by practical applications in data storage and transmission where reduced-latency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ziyuan Zhu , Wei Wu , Paul H. Siegel