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Predicting vulnerable road user behavior is an essential prerequisite for deploying Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in the real-world. Pedestrian crossing intention should be recognized in real-time, especially for urban driving. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Dongfang Yang , Haolin Zhang , Ekim Yurtsever , Keith Redmill , Ümit Özgüner

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often considered black boxes due to their opaque decision-making processes. To reduce their opacity Concept Models (CMs), such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), were introduced to predict human-defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jack Furby , Dan Cunnington , Dave Braines , Alun Preece

To maximize safety and driving comfort, autonomous driving systems can benefit from implementing foresighted action choices that take different potential scenario developments into account. While artificial scene prediction methods are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Chao Wang , Thomas H. Weisswange , Matti Krueger , Christiane B. Wiebel-Herboth

Accurate and interpretable car-following models are essential for traffic simulation and autonomous vehicle development. However, classical models like the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) are fundamentally limited by their parsimonious and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-18 Chengyuan Zhang , Cathy Wu , Lijun Sun

In this paper, we present a novel information processing architecture for safe deep learning-based visual navigation of autonomous systems. The proposed information processing architecture is used to support a perceptual attention-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Keuntaek Lee , Gabriel Nakajima An , Viacheslav Zakharov , Evangelos A. Theodorou

While end-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable progress in geometric control, current systems remain constrained by a command-following paradigm that relies on simple navigational instructions. Transitioning to genuinely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Huan Zheng , Yucheng Zhou , Tianyi Yan , Jiayi Su , Hongjun Chen , Dubing Chen , Xingtai Gui , Wencheng Han , Runzhou Tao , Zhongying Qiu , Jianfei Yang , Jianbing Shen

Spatiotemporal intelligence in autonomous driving (AD) requires an agent to integrate multi-view observations into a coherent scene representation, maintain object continuity across viewpoints and time, and reason about spatial relations,…

While deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable success in numerous domains, their black-box nature remains a significant limitation, especially in critical fields such as medical image analysis and inference. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 David Zucker

Although a typical autopilot system far surpasses humans in term of sensing accuracy, performance stability and response agility, such a system is still far behind humans in the wisdom of understanding an unfamiliar environment with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Shaobo Qiu , Ji Li , Guoxi Chen , Hong Wang , Boqi Li

It is often argued that effective human-centered explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) should resemble human reasoning. However, empirical investigations of how concepts from cognitive science can aid the design of XAI are lacking.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Balint Gyevnar , Stephanie Droop , Tadeg Quillien , Shay B. Cohen , Neil R. Bramley , Christopher G. Lucas , Stefano V. Albrecht

In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

Autonomous driving is a challenging problem where there is currently an intense focus on research and development. Human drivers are forced to make thousands of complex decisions in a short amount of time,quickly processing their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Niral Shah , Ashwin Shankar , Jae-hong Park

Benchmarking autonomous driving planners to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge, as state-of-the-art metrics like the Extended Predictive Driver Model Score (EPDMS) lack context awareness in nuanced scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jingyu Song , Zhenxin Li , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Joshua Chen , Katherine A. Skinner , Jose M. Alvarez

In mixed-traffic environments, autonomous vehicles (AVs) must interact with heterogeneous human-driven vehicles (HVs) whose intentions and driving styles vary across individuals and scenarios. Such variability introduces uncertainty into…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiaoyun Qiu , Haichao Liu , Yue Pan , Jun Ma , Xinhu Zheng

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for future autonomous vehicles. The majority of current researches fix the number of driving intentions by considering only a specific scenario.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Yeping Hu , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

The advent of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced end-to-end autonomous driving, demonstrating powerful reasoning abilities for high-level behavior planning tasks. However, existing methods are often constrained by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weicheng Zheng , Xiaofei Mao , Nanfei Ye , Pengxiang Li , Kun Zhan , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Ensuring safe transition of control in automated vehicles requires an accurate and timely assessment of driver readiness. This paper introduces Driver-Net, a novel deep learning framework that fuses multi-camera inputs to estimate driver…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Mahdi Rezaei , Mohsen Azarmi

The end-to-end learning pipeline is gradually creating a paradigm shift in the ongoing development of highly autonomous vehicles (AVs), largely due to advances in deep learning, the availability of large-scale training datasets, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Randy Goebel

Recent breakthroughs in autonomous driving have been propelled by advances in robust world modeling, fundamentally transforming how vehicles interpret dynamic scenes and execute safe decision-making. World models have emerged as a linchpin…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Tuo Feng , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

Autonomous driving technology is progressing rapidly, largely due to complex End To End systems based on deep neural networks. While these systems are effective, their complexity can make it difficult to understand their behavior, raising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Iqra Aslam , Igor Anpilogov , Andreas Rausch