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Current large language models excel at broad, general-purpose tasks, but consistently underperform when exposed to highly specialized domains that require deep cultural, linguistic, and subject-matter expertise. In particular, traditional…

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti

The use of derogatory terms in languages that employ code mixing, such as Roman Urdu, presents challenges for Natural Language Processing systems due to unstated grammar, inconsistent spelling, and a scarcity of labeled data. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Nisar Hussain , Amna Qasim , Gull Mehak , Muhammad Zain , Momina Hafeez , Grigori Sidorov

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in linguistic tasks but struggle with mathematical reasoning, particularly in non English languages like Hindi. This research aims to enhance the mathematical reasoning skills of smaller, resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Avinash Anand , Kritarth Prasad , Chhavi Kirtani , Ashwin R Nair , Manvendra Kumar Nema , Raj Jaiswal , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Developing high-quality large language models (LLMs) for moderately resourced languages presents unique challenges in data availability, model adaptation, and evaluation. We introduce Llama-3-Nanda-10B-Chat, or Nanda for short, a…

High-resource languages such as English, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same can not be said for most other languages as LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , David Adelani , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated algorithm design has shown promising potential. A prevalent approach embeds LLMs within search routines to iteratively generate and refine candidate algorithms. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Fei Liu , Rui Zhang , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

LLMs are predominantly trained on English data, which leads to a significant drop in performance on low-resource languages. Understanding how LLMs handle these languages is crucial for improving their effectiveness. This study focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Taaha Saleem Bajwa

Enhancing existing models with new knowledge is a crucial aspect of AI development. This paper introduces a novel method for integrating a new language into a large language model (LLM). Our approach successfully incorporates a previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Khalil Hennara , Sara Chrouf , Mohamed Motaism Hamed , Zeina Aldallal , Omar Hadid , Safwan AlModhayan

Although LLMs have attained significant success in high-resource languages, their capacity in low-resource linguistic environments like Kannada and Arabic is not yet fully understood. This work benchmarking the performance of multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maitha Alshehhi , Ahmed Sharshar , Mohsen Guizani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now capable of generating text that closely resembles human writing, making them powerful tools for content creation, but this growing ability has also made it harder to tell whether a piece of text was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhammad Ammar , Hadiya Murad Hadi , Usman Majeed Butt

Despite the considerable advancements in English LLMs, the progress in building comparable models for other languages has been hindered due to the scarcity of tailored resources. Our work aims to bridge this divide by introducing an…

Training LLMs for low-resource languages usually utilizes data augmentation from English using machine translation (MT). This, however, brings a number of challenges to LLM training: there are large costs attached to translating and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Sabri Boughorbel , MD Rizwan Parvez , Majd Hawasly

Mental health disorders pose a growing public health concern in the Arab world, emphasizing the need for accessible diagnostic and intervention tools. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising approach, but their application in Arabic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Noureldin Zahran , Aya E. Fouda , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased impressive skills in tasks related to visual understanding and reasoning. Yet, their widespread application faces obstacles due to the high computational demands during both the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Minjie Zhu , Yichen Zhu , Xin Liu , Ning Liu , Zhiyuan Xu , Chaomin Shen , Yaxin Peng , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming crucial across various fields, emphasizing the urgency for high-quality models in underrepresented languages. This study explores the unique challenges faced by low-resource languages, such as data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Emre Can Acikgoz , Mete Erdogan , Deniz Yuret

Large language models (LLMs) are known to effectively perform tasks by simply observing few exemplars. However, in low-resource languages, obtaining such hand-picked exemplars can still be challenging, where unsupervised techniques may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in highly-specialized domains, however challenges are still present in aspects of accuracy and costs. These limitations restrict the usage of existing models in domain-specific tasks. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Iftach Arbel , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

Autonomous data science, from raw data sources to analyst-grade deep research reports, has been a long-standing challenge, and is now becoming feasible with the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs). Recent workflow-based data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shaolei Zhang , Ju Fan , Meihao Fan , Guoliang Li , Xiaoyong Du