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The programming landscape is nowadays being reshaped by the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) able to automate code-related tasks related to code implementation (e.g., code completion) and comprehension (e.g., code summarization). Such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Nathan Cooper , Rosalia Tufano , Gabriele Bavota , Denys Poshyvanyk

Code translation tools (transpilers) are developed for automatic source-to-source translation. Although learning-based transpilers have shown impressive enhancement against rule-based counterparts, owing to their task-specific pre-training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zhen Yang , Fang Liu , Zhongxing Yu , Jacky Wai Keung , Jia Li , Shuo Liu , Yifan Hong , Xiaoxue Ma , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code translation due to their ability to generate idiomatic code. However, a significant limitation when using LLMs for code translation is scalability: existing works have shown a drop in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Hanliang Zhang , Cristina David , Meng Wang , Brandon Paulsen , Daniel Kroening

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

To support software developers in understanding and maintaining programs, various automatic (source) code summarization techniques have been proposed to generate a concise natural language summary (i.e., comment) for a given code snippet.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Weisong Sun , Yun Miao , Yuekang Li , Hongyu Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating code. However, the misuse of LLM-generated (synthetic) code has raised concerns in both educational and industrial contexts, underscoring the urgent need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tong Ye , Yangkai Du , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in source code understanding, yet as software systems grow in scale, computational efficiency has become a critical bottleneck. Currently, these models rely on a text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yuling Shi , Chaoxiang Xie , Zhensu Sun , Yeheng Chen , Chenxu Zhang , Longfei Yun , Chengcheng Wan , Hongyu Zhang , David Lo , Xiaodong Gu

As quantum software frameworks evolve, developers face increasing challenges in maintaining compatibility with rapidly changing APIs. In this work, we present a novel methodology for refactoring Qiskit code using large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 José Manuel Suárez , Luis Mariano Bibbó , Joaquin Bogado , Alejandro Fernandez

Owing to the rapid evolution of technologies and project requirements, organizations need to upgrade the code base in their software projects to a new version of the programming language or even translating to an entirely new one. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Jahnavi Kumar , Venkata Lakshmana Sasaank Janapati , Mokshith Reddy Tanguturi , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in zero-shot and few-shot tasks, but achieving similar performance with encoder-only models like BERT and RoBERTa has been challenging due to their architecture. However, encoders offer advantages such as…

This work proposes a training-free approach for the detection of LLMs-generated codes, mitigating the risks associated with their indiscriminate usage. To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first to investigate zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xianjun Yang , Kexun Zhang , Haifeng Chen , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Wei Cheng

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has greatly facilitated code generation, but ensuring the functional correctness of generated code remains a challenge. Traditional validation methods are often time-consuming, error-prone, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Pooja Aggarwal , Oishik Chatterjee , Ting Dai , Prateeti Mohapatra , Brent Paulovicks , Brad Blancett , Arthur De Magalhaes

Code translation is a crucial activity in the software development and maintenance process, and researchers have recently begun to focus on using pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for code translation. However, existing LLMs only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Minghua He , Yue Chen , Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Wenjie Yin , Yu Kang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Code snippet adaptation is a fundamental activity in the software development process. Unlike code generation, code snippet adaptation is not a "free creation", which requires developers to tailor a given code snippet in order to fit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tanghaoran Zhang , Yue Yu , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Kang Yang , Yao Lu , Zhang Zhang , Yuxin Zhao

Although large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in code translation, they still struggle to generate accurate translations using the commonly adopted direct code-to-code translation approach, which converts an original…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Songqiang Chen , Congying Xu , Jingyi Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Making computer programming language more understandable and easy for the human is a longstanding problem. From assembly language to present day's object-oriented programming, concepts came to make programming easier so that a programmer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-28 K. M. Tahsin Hassan Rahit , Rashidul Hasan Nabil , Md Hasibul Huq

Code translation transforms code between programming languages while preserving functionality, which is critical in software development and maintenance. While traditional learning-based code translation methods have limited effectiveness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhiqiang Yuan , Weitong Chen , Hanlin Wang , Xin Peng , Zhenpeng Chen , Yiling Lou

Large Language Models (LLMs) with vast context windows offer new avenues for in-context learning (ICL), where providing many examples ("many-shot" prompting) is often assumed to enhance performance. We investigate this assumption for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Amirkia Rafiei Oskooei , Kaan Baturalp Cosdan , Husamettin Isiktas , Mehmet S. Aktas

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era in automated code translation across programming languages. Since most code-specific LLMs are pretrained on well-commented code from large repositories like GitHub, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Monika Gupta , Ajay Meena , Anamitra Roy Choudhury , Vijay Arya , Srikanta Bedathur