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Predicting how a drug-like molecule binds to a specific protein target is a core problem in drug discovery. An extremely fast computational binding method would enable key applications such as fast virtual screening or drug engineering.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-07 Hannes Stärk , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Lagnajit Pattanaik , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

The effects of ligand binding on protein structures and their in vivo functions carry numerous implications for modern biomedical research and biotechnology development efforts such as drug discovery. Although several deep learning (DL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alex Morehead , Nabin Giri , Jian Liu , Pawan Neupane , Jianlin Cheng

Deep learning promises to dramatically improve scoring functions for molecular docking, leading to substantial advances in binding pose prediction and virtual screening. To train scoring functions-and to perform molecular docking-one must…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-04 Patricia Suriana , Ron O. Dror

A significant amount of protein function requires binding small molecules, including enzymatic catalysis. As such, designing binding pockets for small molecules has several impactful applications ranging from drug synthesis to energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Hannes Stärk , Bowen Jing , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Designing novel proteins that bind to small molecules is a long-standing challenge in computational biology, with applications in developing catalysts, biosensors, and more. Current computational methods rely on the assumption that the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Junqi Liu , Shaoning Li , Chence Shi , Zhi Yang , Jian Tang

Docking is a crucial component in drug discovery aimed at predicting the binding conformation and affinity between small molecules and target proteins. ML-based docking has recently emerged as a prominent approach, outpacing traditional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-11 Thomas Le Menestrel , Manuel Rivas

We devise an approach for targeted molecular design, a problem of interest in computational drug discovery: given a target protein site, we wish to generate a chemical with both high binding affinity to the target and satisfactory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

3D generative models have shown significant promise in structure-based drug design (SBDD), particularly in discovering ligands tailored to specific target binding sites. Existing algorithms often focus primarily on ligand-target binding,…

Proteins are dynamic molecular machines whose biological functions, spanning enzymatic catalysis, signal transduction, and structural adaptation, are intrinsically linked to their motions. Designing proteins with targeted dynamic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-17 Bo Ni , Markus J. Buehler

We introduce DrugFlow, a generative model for structure-based drug design that integrates continuous flow matching with discrete Markov bridges, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in learning chemical, geometric, and physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Arne Schneuing , Ilia Igashov , Adrian W. Dobbelstein , Thomas Castiglione , Michael Bronstein , Bruno Correia

The knowledge of potentially druggable binding sites on proteins is an important preliminary step towards the discovery of novel drugs. The computational prediction of such areas can be boosted by following the recent major advances in the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-17 Stelios K. Mylonas , Apostolos Axenopoulos , Petros Daras

Molecular docking is a core tool in drug discovery for predicting ligand-target interactions. Despite the availability of diverse search-based and machine learning approaches, no single docking algorithm consistently dominates, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Siyuan Cao , Hongxuan Wu , Jiabao Brad Wang , Yiliang Yuan , Mustafa Misir

Across scientific domains, generating new models or optimizing existing ones while meeting specific criteria is crucial. Traditional machine learning frameworks for guided design use a generative model and a surrogate model (discriminator),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Nataša Tagasovska , Vladimir Gligorijević , Kyunghyun Cho , Andreas Loukas

We present KinetiDiff, a structure-based framework for de novo kinase inhibitor design that integrates a Geometry-Complete Diffusion Model with real-time AutoDock Vina gradient guidance. By injecting physics-based docking gradients into the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Aaryan Patel

The generation of small molecule candidate (ligand) binding poses in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Jonathan P. Mailoa , Zhaofeng Ye , Jiezhong Qiu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is an essential challenge in structure-based drug design. Despite recent advances in data-driven methods for affinity prediction, their accuracy is still limited, partially because…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Yaosen Min , Ye Wei , Peizhuo Wang , Xiaoting Wang , Han Li , Nian Wu , Stefan Bauer , Shuxin Zheng , Yu Shi , Yingheng Wang , Ji Wu , Dan Zhao , Jianyang Zeng

We have earlier reported the iMOLSDOCK technique to perform induced-fit peptide-protein docking. iMOLSDOCK uses the mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) technique to sample the conformation and the docking pose of the small molecule…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 D. Sam Paul , N. Gautham

The process of screening molecules for desirable properties is a key step in several applications, ranging from drug discovery to material design. During the process of drug discovery specifically, protein-ligand docking, or chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Ryien Hosseini , Filippo Simini , Austin Clyde , Arvind Ramanathan

Recently, 3D generative models have shown promising performances in structure-based drug design by learning to generate ligands given target binding sites. However, only modeling the target-ligand distribution can hardly fulfill one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Xiangxin Zhou , Xiwei Cheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Molecular docking is an essential tool for drug design. It helps the scientist to rapidly know if two molecules, respectively called ligand and receptor, can be combined together to obtain a stable complex. We propose a new multi-objective…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2008-11-05 Jean-Charles Boisson , Laetitia Jourdan , El-Ghazali Talbi , Dragos Horvath