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Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Shasha Li , Zhihua Wen , Kaixuan Wang , Ting Wang

Text-to-SQL translates natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling intuitive database access for non-experts. While large language models achieve strong performance on Text-to-SQL with prompting, they still struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhao Tan , Xiping Liu , Qing Shu , Qizhi Wan , Dexi Liu , Changxuan Wan

Text-to-SQL translation enables non-expert users to query relational databases using natural language, with applications in education and business intelligence. This study evaluates three lightweight transformer models - T5-Small,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chirag Seth , Utkarsh Singh

This study explores text-to-SQL parsing by leveraging the powerful reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Despite recent advancements, existing LLM-based methods are still inefficient and struggle to handle cases with wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Guanming Xiong , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song , Wen Zhao

Text-to-SQL is emerging as a practical interface for real world databases. The dominant paradigm for Text-to-SQL is cross-database or schema-independent, supporting application schemas unseen during training. The schema of a database…

Large Language Model-based (LLM-based) Text-to-SQL methods have achieved important progress in generating SQL queries for real-world applications. When confronted with table content-aware questions in real-world scenarios, ambiguous data…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Wenbo Xu , Liang Yan , Chuanyi Liu , Peiyi Han , Haifeng Zhu , Yong Xu , Yingwei Liang , Bob Zhang

Efficient querying and analysis of large tabular datasets remain significant challenges, especially for users without expertise in programming languages like SQL. Text-to-SQL approaches have shown promising performance on benchmark data;…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yipeng Zhang , Chen Wang , Yuzhe Zhang , Jacky Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with the precise logic and schema alignment required for complex Text-to-SQL tasks. While current methods rely heavily on static prompting, they lack the ability to dynamically adapt and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haolin Yang , Jipeng Zhang , Zhitao He , Alexander Zhou , Yi R. Fung

Text-to-SQL prompt strategies based on Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance on well-known benchmarks. However, when applied to real-world databases, their performance is significantly less than for these benchmarks,…

To access data stored in relational databases, users need to understand the database schema and write a query using a query language such as SQL. To simplify this task, text-to-SQL models attempt to translate a user's natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Amol Kelkar , Rohan Relan , Vaishali Bhardwaj , Saurabh Vaichal , Chandra Khatri , Peter Relan

Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) aims to map natural language questions to executable SQL queries. Although large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, current approaches struggle with poor transferability to open-source LLMs,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Shuai Lyu , Haoran Luo , Ripeng Li , Zhonghong Ou , Jiangfeng Sun , Yang Qin , Xiaoran Shang , Meina Song , Yifan Zhu

Text-to-SQL is the task of translating natural language queries into executable SQL for a given database, enabling non-expert users to access structured data without writing SQL manually. Despite rapid advances driven by large language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minh Tam Pham , Trinh Pham , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Text-to-SQL aims to convert natural language questions into executable SQL queries. While previous approaches, such as skeleton-masked selection, have demonstrated strong performance by retrieving similar training examples to guide large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jimin Lee , Ingeol Baek , Byeongjeong Kim , Hyunkyung Bae , Hwanhee Lee

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, is part of various business processes. Its automation, which is an emerging challenge, will empower software practitioners to seamlessly interact with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yewei Song , Saad Ezzini , Xunzhu Tang , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyandé , Andrey Boytsov , Ulrick Ble , Anne Goujon

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in text-to-SQL reasoning tasks, yet a substantial performance gap persists between existing open-source models and their closed-source counterparts. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yu Guo , Dong Jin , Shenghao Ye , Shuangwu Chen , Jian Yang , Xiaobin Tan

Large language models have driven major advances in Text-to-SQL generation. However, they suffer from high computational cost, long latency, and data privacy concerns, which make them impractical for many real-world applications. A natural…

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to interact with structured data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results on the text-to-SQL task, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Gong , Chuan Lei , Xiao Qin , Kapil Vaidya , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Tim Kraska

Translating natural language questions into SQL has become a core challenge in enabling non-technical users to query databases. While recent work has explored large-scale synthetic data generation to improve model performance through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hasan Alp Caferoğlu , Mehmet Serhat Çelik , Özgür Ulusoy

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled in-context learning (ICL)-based methods that significantly outperform fine-tuning approaches for text-to-SQL tasks. However, their performance is still considerably lower than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Dongjun Lee , Choongwon Park , Jaehyuk Kim , Heesoo Park