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Photonic time crystals (PTCs) are materials whose dielectric permittivity is periodically modulated in time, giving rise to bandgaps not in energy-as in conventional photonic crystals-but in momentum, known as k-gaps. These k-gaps enable…

Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic dielectric structures that severed as an excellent platform to manipulate light. A conventional way to guide/trap light via PCs is to introduce a line or point defect by removing or modifying several…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-26 Zi-Mei Zhan , Peng-Yu Guo , Wei Li , Hai-Xiao Wang , Jian-Hua Jiang

Anisotropic photonic time crystals, enabled by periodic temporal modulation of a uniform anisotropic medium, exhibit asymmetric momentum-bandgap structures and offer unique control over light-matter interactions. Here, we introduce and…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-02 Zihao He , Sihao Zhang , Huanan Li , Xiang Ni

Generating and manipulating Dirac points in artificial atomic crystals has received attention especially in photonic systems due to their ease of implementation. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional photonic crystal made of a…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-15 R. Zhou , H. Lin , Y. Liu , X. Shi , R. Tang , Y. Wu , Z. Yu

We introduce topological phases in Photonic Time-Crystals. Photonic Time-Crystals are materials in which the refractive index varies periodically and abruptly in time. When the refractive index changes abruptly, the light propagating in the…

Optics · Physics 2018-12-14 Eran Lustig , Yonatan Sharabi , Mordechai Segev

Photonic Time Crystals (PTCs) - dielectric media with their refractive index modulated periodically in time, offer new opportunities in photonics arising from time reflections and momentum bandgaps. Here, we study the emission of light from…

Time photonic crystals are media in which their electromagnetic parameters are modulated periodically in time, showing promising applications in non-resonant lasers and particle accelerators, among others. Traditionally utilized to study…

We propose a novel type of topological excitation topological event wavepackets (TEWs) emerging in photonic spacetime crystals (STCs) with spacetime modulated dielectric constants. These TEWs exhibit strong spatiotemporal localization and…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Liang Zhang , Zirui Zhao , Qiaofei Pan , Chenhao Pan , Qingqing Cheng , Yiming Pan

Topological phase transitions, characterized by the closing and reopening of band gaps and a concomitant change in topological invariants, have played a central role in topological physics. However, such transitions have so far been…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Zebin Zhu , Bolun Huang , Siqi Xu , Jingming Chen , Yan Meng , Zhenxiao Zhu , Xiang Xi , Zhen Gao

Topological edge states in systems of two (or more) dimensions offer scattering-free transport, exhibiting robustness to inhomogeneities and disorder. In a different domain, time-modulated systems, such as photonic time crystals (PTCs),…

Photonic Time Crystals (PTCs) provide a completely new platform exhibiting light wave amplification owing to periodically varying electromagnetic properties. The need to control this amplification is becoming increasingly important,…

Optics · Physics 2023-04-20 Snehashis Sadhukhan , Somnath Ghosh

Topology has been revealed to play a fundamental role in physics in the past decades. Topological insulators have unconventional gapless edge states where disorder-induced back-scattering is suppressed. In photonics, such edge states lead…

Studying the topology of spatiotemporal media poses a fundamental challenge: their remarkable properties stem from breaking spatial and temporal symmetries, yet this same breaking obscures their topological characterization. Here, we show…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-27 Alejandro Caballero , Thomas F. Allard , Paloma A. Huidobro

We highlight the fact that two-dimensional materials with Dirac-like low energy band structures and spin-orbit coupling will produce linearly dispersing topologically protected Jackiw-Rebbi modes at interfaces where the Dirac mass changes…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-11 D. S. L. Abergel , Jonathan M. Edge , Alexander V. Balatsky

Periodic modulation of the material index in time opens momentum gaps. Such systems are regarded as the temporal analogue of common spatial crystals, wherein the bandgaps open in the frequency space. Recent studies have also led to the…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-13 Mingwei Li , Jianwei Liu , Xulong Wang , Wenjie Chen , Guancong Ma , Jianwen Dong

Photonic Time crystals (PTC) arise in time-modulated media when the frequency of modulation of permittivity is on the order of twice the frequency of light and are manifested by the generation and amplification of so-called time reversed…

Optics · Physics 2024-04-01 Jacob B Khurgin

We create hybrid topological-photonic localisation of light by introducing concepts from the field of topological matter to that of photonic crystal fiber arrays. S-polarized obliquely propagating electromagnetic waves are guided by…

While energy band topology in spatial photonic crystals (PCs) and momentum-band topology in temporal crystals have each served as powerful probes of topological phases in their respective domains, their unification in a static platform…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-06 Zimeng Zeng , Zhuoyang Li , Jiayao Liu , Zelong He , Zhaona Wang

Topological semimetals, representing a new topological phase that lacks a full bandgap in bulk states and exhibiting nontrivial topological orders, recently have been extended to photonic systems, predominantly in photonic crystals and to a…

Topological photonics sheds light on some of the surprising phenomena seen in condensed matter physics that arise with the appearance of topological invariants. Optical waveguides provide a well-controlled platform to investigate effects…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Adrian J Menssen , Jun Guan , David Felce , Martin J Booth , Ian A Walmsley
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