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We propose a novel approach for estimating conditional or parametric expectations in the setting where obtaining samples or evaluating integrands is costly. Through the framework of probabilistic numerical methods (such as Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Zonghao Chen , Masha Naslidnyk , Arthur Gretton , François-Xavier Briol

Active learning (AL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that strategically selects the most informative samples for annotation during training, aiming to minimize annotation costs. This strategy not only reduces labeling expenses but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Cédric Jung , Shirin Salehi , Anke Schmeink

Bayesian optimization is a sample-efficient approach to solving global optimization problems. Along with a surrogate model, this approach relies on theoretically motivated value heuristics (acquisition functions) to guide the search…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-04 James T. Wilson , Riccardo Moriconi , Frank Hutter , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method to optimize expensive black-box functions. It efficiently tunes machine learning algorithms under the implicit assumption that hyperparameter evaluations cost approximately the same. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Gauthier Guinet , Valerio Perrone , Cédric Archambeau

Bayesian optimization is a coherent, ubiquitous approach to decision-making under uncertainty, with applications including multi-arm bandits, active learning, and black-box optimization. Bayesian optimization selects decisions (i.e.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Samuel Stanton , Wesley Maddox , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Feature missing is a serious problem in many applications, which may lead to low quality of training data and further significantly degrade the learning performance. While feature acquisition usually involves special devices or complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Sheng-Jun Huang , Miao Xu , Ming-Kun Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Gang Niu , Songcan Chen

A well-balanced exploration-exploitation trade-off is crucial for successful acquisition functions in Bayesian optimization. However, there is a lack of quantitative measures for exploration, making it difficult to analyze and compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leonard Papenmeier , Nuojin Cheng , Stephen Becker , Luigi Nardi

In Bayesian optimization (BO) for expensive black-box optimization tasks, acquisition function (AF) guides sequential sampling and plays a pivotal role for efficient convergence to better optima. Prevailing AFs usually rely on artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Zijing Liu , Xiyao Qu , Xuejun Liu , Hongqiang Lyu

Active learning is usually applied to acquire labels of informative data points in supervised learning, to maximize accuracy in a sample-efficient way. However, maximizing the accuracy is not the end goal when the results are used for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-22 Louis Filstroff , Iiris Sundin , Petrus Mikkola , Aleksei Tiulpin , Juuso Kylmäoja , Samuel Kaski

Estimating causal quantities (CQs) typically requires large datasets, which can be expensive to obtain, especially when measuring individual outcomes is costly. This challenge highlights the importance of sample-efficient active learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Erdun Gao , Dino Sejdinovic

Asynchronous Bayesian optimization is widely used for gradient-free optimization in domains with independent parallel experiments and varying evaluation times. Existing methods posit that standard acquisitions lead to redundant and repeated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Ben Riegler , James Odgers , Vincent Fortuin

Gaussian Process based Bayesian Optimization is a well-known sample efficient sequential strategy for globally optimizing black-box, expensive, and multi-extremal functions. The role of the Gaussian Process is to provide a probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Antonio Candelieri

We develop a hierarchical Bayesian dynamic game for competitive inventory and pricing under incomplete information. Two firms repeatedly choose order quantities and prices while facing two layers of uncertainty: unknown market demand and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Debashis Chatterjee

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient approach to optimizing costly-to-evaluate black-box functions. Most BO methods ignore how evaluation costs may vary over the optimization domain. However, these costs can be highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Raul Astudillo , Daniel R. Jiang , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy , Peter I. Frazier

Bayesian optimization is a powerful framework for optimizing functions that are expensive or time-consuming to evaluate. Recent work has considered Bayesian optimization of function networks (BOFN), where the objective function is given by…

Bayesian quadrature optimization (BQO) maximizes the expectation of an expensive black-box integrand taken over a known probability distribution. In this work, we study BQO under distributional uncertainty in which the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Thanh Tang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Huong Ha , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh

As models of cognition grow in complexity and number of parameters, Bayesian inference with standard methods can become intractable, especially when the data-generating model is of unknown analytic form. Recent advances in simulation-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-14 Stefan T. Radev , Andreas Voss , Eva Marie Wieschen , Paul-Christian Bürkner

Bayesian observer and actor models have provided normative explanations for many behavioral phenomena in perception, sensorimotor control, and other areas of cognitive science and neuroscience. They attribute behavioral variability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Dominik Straub , Tobias F. Niehues , Jan Peters , Constantin A. Rothkopf

Bayesian optimization is popular for optimizing time-consuming black-box objectives. Nonetheless, for hyperparameter tuning in deep neural networks, the time required to evaluate the validation error for even a few hyperparameter settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Jian Wu , Saul Toscano-Palmerin , Peter I. Frazier , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We consider Bayesian optimization of the output of a network of functions, where each function takes as input the output of its parent nodes, and where the network takes significant time to evaluate. Such problems arise, for example, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Raul Astudillo , Peter I. Frazier