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Most estimators collapse all uncertainty modes into a single confidence score, preventing reliable reasoning about when to allocate more compute or adjust inference. We introduce Uncertainty-Guided Inference-Time Selection, a lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Divake Kumar , Patrick Poggi , Sina Tayebati , Devashri Naik , Nilesh Ahuja , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction has been one of the most central problems in computational advertising. Lately, embedding techniques that produce low-dimensional representations of ad IDs drastically improve CTR prediction accuracies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Feiyang Pan , Shuokai Li , Xiang Ao , Pingzhong Tang , Qing He

Despite the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many academic benchmarks for computer vision tasks, their application in the real-world is still facing fundamental challenges. One of these open problems is the inherent lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Julia Grabinski , Paul Gavrikov , Janis Keuper , Margret Keuper

The accelerated failure time (AFT) model is widely used to analyze relationships between variables in the presence of censored observations. However, this model relies on some assumptions such as the error distribution, which can lead to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Sangkon Oh , Hyunjae Lee , Sangwook Kang , Byungtae Seo

Recent empirical studies have explored the idea of continuing to train a model at test-time for a given task, known as test-time training (TTT), and have found it to yield significant performance improvements. However, there is limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jonas Hübotter , Patrik Wolf , Alexander Shevchenko , Dennis Jüni , Andreas Krause , Gil Kur

Click-through rate(CTR) prediction is a core task in cost-per-click(CPC) advertising systems and has been studied extensively by machine learning practitioners. While many existing methods have been successfully deployed in practice, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ke Hu , Yi Qi , Jianqiang Huang , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) provides an end-to-end acoustic model (AM) training strategy. CTC learns accurate AMs without time-aligned phonetic transcription, but sometimes fails to converge, especially in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-28 Di He , Xuesong Yang , Boon Pang Lim , Yi Liang , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Deming Chen

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a pivotal task in product and content recommendation, where learning effective feature embeddings is of great significance. However, traditional methods typically learn fixed feature representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chen Zhu , Liang Du , Hong Chen , Shuang Zhao , Zixun Sun , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

External test-time reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by decoupling generation and selection. At inference time, the model generates multiple reasoning paths, and an auxiliary process reward model (PRM) is used to score and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zeen Song , Wenwen Qiang , Siyu Zhao , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Many causal estimands are only partially identifiable since they depend on the unobservable joint distribution between potential outcomes. Stratification on pretreatment covariates can yield sharper bounds; however, unless the covariates…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-19 Wenlong Ji , Lihua Lei , Asher Spector

Sequential recommendation tasks, which aim to predict the next item a user will interact with, typically rely on models trained solely on historical data. However, in real-world scenarios, user behavior can fluctuate in the long interaction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zhaoqi Yang , Yanan Wang , Yong Ge

High-dimensional regression specification and analysis is a complex and active area of research in statistics, machine learning, and econometrics. This paper proposes a new approach, Boosting with Multiple Testing (BMT), which combines…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-24 George Kapetanios , Vasilis Sarafidis , Alexia Ventouri

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is of great importance in recommendation systems and online advertising platforms. When served in industrial scenarios, the user-generated data observed by the CTR model typically arrives as a stream.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Congcong Liu , Fei Teng , Xiwei Zhao , Zhangang Lin , Jinghe Hu , Jingping Shao

Multimodal foundation models offer promising advancements for enhancing driving perception systems, but their high computational and financial costs pose challenges. We develop a method that leverages foundation models to refine predictions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yunhao Yang , Yuxin Hu , Mao Ye , Zaiwei Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Yi Xu , Ufuk Topcu , Ben Snyder

Recent advances in deep forecasting models have achieved remarkable performance, yet most approaches still struggle to provide both accurate predictions and interpretable insights into temporal dynamics. This paper proposes CaReTS, a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Fulong Yao , Wanqing Zhao , Chao Zheng , Xiaofei Han

In this work, we proposed a novel inferential procedure assisted by machine learning based adjustment for randomized control trials. The method was developed under the Rosenbaum's framework of exact tests in randomized experiments with…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Han Yu , Alan D. Hutson , Xiaoyi Ma

Time series reasoning demands both the perception of complex dynamics and logical depth. However, existing LLM-based approaches exhibit two limitations: they often treat time series merely as text or images, failing to capture the patterns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junkai Lu , Peng Chen , Xingjian Wu , Yang Shu , Chenjuan Guo , Christian S. Jensen , Bin Yang

In this paper, we introduce a Model-based Algorithm Turning Engine, namely MATE, where the parameters of an algorithm are represented as expressions of the features of a target optimisation problem. In contrast to most static…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mohamed El Yafrani , Marcella Scoczynski Ribeiro Martins , Inkyung Sung , Markus Wagner , Carola Doerr , Peter Nielsen

For many complex diseases, prognosis is of essential importance. It has been shown that, beyond the main effects of genetic (G) and environmental (E) risk factors, the gene-environment (G$\times$E) interactions also play a critical role. In…

Applications · Statistics 2015-05-15 Hao Chai , Qingzhao Zhang , Yu Jiang , Guohua Wang , Sanguo Zhang , Shuangge Ma