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In noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, the limited scalability of a single quantum processing unit (QPU) can be extended through distributed quantum computing (DQC), in which one can implement global operations over two QPUs by…

The quantum computing community is increasingly positioning quantum processors as accelerators within classical HPC workflows, analogous to GPUs and TPUs. However, many real-world applications require scaling to hundreds or thousands of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Vinooth Kulkarni , Aaron Orenstein , Xinpeng Li , Shuai Xu , Daniel Blankenberg , Vipin Chaudhary

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) offers a pathway for scaling up quantum computing architectures beyond the confines of a single chip. Entanglement is a crucial resource for implementing non-local operations in DQC, and it is required to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Ji Liu , Allen Zang , Martin Suchara , Tian Zhong , Paul D Hovland

Distant quantum control via quantum gates represents an essential step toward realizing distributed quantum networks. An efficient theoretical protocol for the dual non-local implementation of controlled-not (CNOT) gates between two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Chaibata Seida , Abderrahim El Allati , Khadija El Anouz

Modular architectures are a promising approach to scaling quantum computers to fault tolerance. Small, low-noise quantum processors connected through relatively noisy quantum links are capable of fault-tolerant operation as long as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Trond Hjerpekjøn Haug , Timo Hillmann , Anton Frisk Kockum , Raphaël Van Laer

In a quantum internet, quantum processing units (QPUs) with varying architectures and capabilities may be connected through quantum communication channels, enabling new applications such as distributed quantum computing (DQC), a paradigm in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested…

Each year, the gap between theoretical proposals and experimental endeavours to create quantum computers gets smaller, driven by the promise of fundamentally faster algorithms and quantum simulations. This occurs by the combination of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Bobby Antonio

We show how to construct a universal set of quantum logic gates using control over exchange interactions and single- and two-spin measurements only. Single-spin unitary operations are teleported instead of being executed directly, thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 L. -A. Wu , D. A. Lidar

Adversarial robustness in quantum classifiers is a critical area of study, providing insights into their performance compared to classical models and uncovering potential advantages inherent to quantum machine learning. In the NISQ era of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Pouya Kananian , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

The emerging paradigm of distributed quantum computing promises a potential solution to scaling quantum computing to currently unfeasible dimensions. While this approach itself is still in its infancy, and many obstacles must still be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

We investigate the possibility of realising effective quantum gates between two atoms in distant cavities coupled by an optical fibre. We show that highly reliable swap and entangling gates are achievable. We exactly study the stability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alessio Serafini , Stefano Mancini , Sougato Bose

Bell measurements, which allow entanglement between uncorrelated distant particles, play a central role in quantum communication. Indeed sharing, measuring and creating entanglement lie at the core of various protocols, such as entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Luca Bianchi , Carlo Marconi , Giulia Guarda , Davide Bacco

Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

We address the question of efficient implementation of quantum protocols, with small communication and entanglement, and short depth circuit for encoding or decoding. We introduce two new methods to achieve this, the first method involving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Anurag Anshu , Rahul Jain

Distributed quantum computing leverages the collective power of multiple quantum devices to perform computations exceeding the capabilities of individual quantum devices. A currently studied technique to enable this distributed approach is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Marvin Bechtold , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Alexander Mandl , Felix Truger

A promising quantum computing architecture comprises modules of superconducting quantum processors linked via optical channels using quantum transducers. As quantum transducer hardware improves, a need has arisen to understand the…

We show that a universal set of gates for quantum computation with optics can be quantum teleported through the use of EPR entangled states, homodyne detection, and linear optics and squeezing operations conditioned on measurement outcomes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , William J. Munro

High-connectivity circuits are a major roadblock for current quantum hardware. We propose a hybrid classical-quantum algorithm to simulate such circuits without swap-gate ladders. As main technical tool, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Roeland Wiersema , Leonardo Guerini , Juan Felipe Carrasquilla , Leandro Aolita
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