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The effective utilization of structured data, integral to corporate data strategies, has been challenged by the rise of large language models (LLMs) capable of processing unstructured information. This shift prompts the question: can LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zhouhong Gu , Haoning Ye , Xingzhou Chen , Zeyang Zhou , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have made significant progress in the field of document analysis. Despite this, existing benchmarks typically focus only on extracting text and simple layout information, neglecting the complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lei Chen , Feng Yan , Yujie Zhong , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

This study presents a novel benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) using challenges derived from the Financial Modeling World Cup (FMWC) Excel competitions. We introduce a methodology for converting 113 existing FMWC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 David Noever , Forrest McKee

This paper introduces \textbf{FinMCP-Bench}, a novel benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in solving real-world financial problems through tool invocation of financial model context protocols. FinMCP-Bench contains 613…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jie Zhu , Yimin Tian , Boyang Li , Kehao Wu , Zhongzhi Liang , Junhui Li , Xianyin Zhang , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Yong Liu , Chi Zhang

Long-form legal reasoning remains a key challenge for large language models (LLMs) in spite of recent advances in test-time scaling. To address this, we introduce LEXam, a novel benchmark derived from 340 law exams spanning 116 law school…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has created a diverse landscape of models, each excelling at different tasks. This diversity drives researchers to employ multiple LLMs in practice, leaving behind valuable multi-LLM log…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tao Feng , Haozhen Zhang , Zijie Lei , Pengrui Han , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Jiaxuan You

Publicly traded companies are required to submit periodic reports with eXtensive Business Reporting Language (XBRL) word-level tags. Manually tagging the reports is tedious and costly. We, therefore, introduce XBRL tagging as a new entity…

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in financial services, a single non-compliant interaction can expose institutions to regulatory penalties and direct consumer harm. Existing guard models are built around general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Huaixia Dou , Jie Zhu , Minghao Wu , Shuo Jiang , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen , Chi Zhang

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, is part of various business processes. Its automation, which is an emerging challenge, will empower software practitioners to seamlessly interact with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yewei Song , Saad Ezzini , Xunzhu Tang , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyandé , Andrey Boytsov , Ulrick Ble , Anne Goujon

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate to long-form questions, producing plausible yet factually incorrect answers. A common mitigation strategy is to provide attribution to LLM outputs. However, existing benchmarks primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yitao Long , Tiansheng Hu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Chen Zhao

The completeness (in terms of content) of financial documents is a fundamental requirement for investment funds. To ensure completeness, financial regulators have to spend significant time carefully checking every financial document based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaochen Li , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel C. Briand

Code auditing is the process of reviewing code with the aim of identifying bugs. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for this task without requiring compilation, while also supporting user-friendly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jinyao Guo , Chengpeng Wang , Xiangzhe Xu , Zian Su , Xiangyu Zhang

The task of financial analysis primarily encompasses two key areas: stock trend prediction and the corresponding financial question answering. Currently, machine learning and deep learning algorithms (ML&DL) have been widely applied for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xiang Li , Zhenyu Li , Chen Shi , Yong Xu , Qing Du , Mingkui Tan , Jun Huang , Wei Lin

Detecting anomalies in general ledger data is of utmost importance to ensure trustworthiness of financial records. Financial audits increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify irregular or potentially fraudulent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alexander Bakumenko , Kateřina Hlaváčková-Schindler , Claudia Plant , Nina C. Hubig

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into financial analysis has garnered significant attention in the NLP community. This paper presents our solution to IJCAI-2024 FinLLM challenge, investigating the capabilities of LLMs within…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yupeng Cao , Zhiyuan Yao , Zhi Chen , Zhiyang Deng

Deep Research (DR) agents, powered by advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), have recently garnered increasing attention for their capability in conducting complex research tasks. However, existing literature lacks a rigorous and systematic…

Collecting labeled datasets in finance is challenging due to scarcity of domain experts and higher cost of employing them. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in data annotation tasks on general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Toyin Aguda , Suchetha Siddagangappa , Elena Kochkina , Simerjot Kaur , Dongsheng Wang , Charese Smiley , Sameena Shah

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve near-saturation accuracy on many established mathematical reasoning benchmarks, raising concerns about their ability to diagnose genuine reasoning competence. This saturation largely stems from…

FinanceBench is a first-of-its-kind test suite for evaluating the performance of LLMs on open book financial question answering (QA). It comprises 10,231 questions about publicly traded companies, with corresponding answers and evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Pranab Islam , Anand Kannappan , Douwe Kiela , Rebecca Qian , Nino Scherrer , Bertie Vidgen

Pre-trained language models have shown impressive performance on a variety of tasks and domains. Previous research on financial language models usually employs a generic training scheme to train standard model architectures, without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Raj Sanjay Shah , Kunal Chawla , Dheeraj Eidnani , Agam Shah , Wendi Du , Sudheer Chava , Natraj Raman , Charese Smiley , Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang