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This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Collaborative threat intelligence via federated learning (FL) faces critical risks from quantum computing, which can compromise classical encryption methods. This study proposes a quantum-secure FL framework using post-quantum cryptography…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Prabhudarshi Nayak , Gogulakrishnan Thiyagarajan , Ritunsa Mishra , Vinay Bist

The rapid advancement of quantum technologies calls for the design and deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic protocols and communication networks. There are two primary approaches to achieving quantum-resistant security: quantum key…

Quantum computing is emerging as a significant threat to information protected by widely used cryptographic systems. Cryptographic methods, once deemed secure for decades, are now at risk of being compromised, posing a massive threat to the…

Post-quantum cryptography currently rests on a small number of hardness assumptions, posing significant risks should any one of them be compromised. This vulnerability motivates the search for new and cryptographically versatile assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Jonathan Z. Lu , Alexander Poremba , Yihui Quek , Akshar Ramkumar

Quantum algorithms can break factoring and discrete logarithm based cryptography and weaken symmetric cryptography and hash functions. In order to estimate the real-world impact of these attacks, apart from tracking the development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-11 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca

We propose a definition for the information theoretic security of a quantum public-key encryption scheme, and present bit-oriented and two-bit-oriented encryption schemes satisfying our security definition via the introduction of a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jiangyou Pan , Li Yang

In this expository article we present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in post-quantum group-based cryptography. We describe several families of groups that have been proposed as platforms, with special emphasis in polycyclic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Delaram Kahrobaei , Ramón Flores , Marialaura Noce

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant users to exchange a secret key with information-theoretic security, based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. While it is arguably the most mature application of quantum…

Trust is the core building block of secure systems, and it is enforced through methods to ensure that a specific system is properly configured and works as expected. In this context, a Root of Trust (RoT) establishes a trusted environment,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Grazia D'Onghia , Antonio Lioy

The development of quantum computing threatens the security of our currently widely deployed cryptographic algorithms. While signicant progress has been made in developing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards to protect against future…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Brian LaMacchia , Matt Campagna , William Gropp

In this work, the conventional cryptographic algorithms used in the 5G Core are replaced with post-quantum alternatives and the practical impact of this transition is evaluated. Using a simulation environment, we model the registration and…

Owing to its fundamental principles, quantum theory holds the promise to enhance the security of modern cryptography, from message encryption to anonymous communication, digital signatures, online banking, leader election, one-time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Mathieu Bozzio , Claude Crépeau , Petros Wallden , Philip Walther

Computationally hard problems based on coding theory, such as the syndrome decoding problem, have been used for constructing secure cryptographic schemes for a long time. Schemes based on these problems are also assumed to be secure against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Puja Mondal , Supriya Adhikary , Suparna Kundu , Angshuman Karmakar

The emergence of quantum computing presents a formidable challenge to the security of blockchain systems. Traditional cryptographic algorithms, foundational to digital signatures, message encryption, and hashing functions, become vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yaser Baseri , Abdelhakim Hafid , Yahya Shahsavari , Dimitrios Makrakis , Hassan Khodaiemehr

This article provides a survey on what can be called post-quantum IoT systems (IoT systems protected from the currently known quantum computing attacks): the main post-quantum cryptosystems and initiatives are reviewed, the most relevant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Tiago M. Fernandez-Carames

Most cryptosystems are defined over finite algebraic structures where arithmetic operations are performed modulo natural numbers. This applies to private key as well as to public key ciphers. No secure cryptosystems defined over the field…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Youssef Hassoun

The development of large quantum computers will have dire consequences for cryptography. Most of the symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are vulnerable to quantum algorithms. Grover's search algorithm gives a square root time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Ritik Bavdekar , Eashan Jayant Chopde , Ashutosh Bhatia , Kamlesh Tiwari , Sandeep Joshua Daniel , Atul

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the implications of quantum computing in present cryptography and to introduce the reader to basic post-quantum algorithms. In particular the reader can delve into the following subjects: present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Kamer Vishi , Mateusz D. Zych , Audun Jøsang

Today's information society relies on cryptography to achieve security goals such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation for digital communications. Here, public-key cryptosystems play a pivotal role to share…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Paul Staat , Meik Dörpinghaus , Azadeh Sheikholeslami , Christof Paar , Gerhard Fettweis , Dennis Goeckel