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Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Yingkai Ouyang

In this paper, we propose a belief-propagation (BP)-based decoder, termed the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation List Decoder (MBBP-LD), for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes. The key idea is to generate \emph{structured…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing with considerably reduced overhead compared to the surface code. However, the lack of a practical decoding algorithm remains a barrier to…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for practical realization of fault-tolerant quantum computing, and recently proposed families of quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) code are prime candidates for advanced QEC hardware…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Nithin Raveendran , David Declercq , Bane Vasić

Quantum information needs to be protected by quantum error-correcting codes due to imperfect physical devices and operations. One would like to have an efficient and high-performance decoding procedure for the class of quantum stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

In this paper we propose the construction of Spatially Coupled Low-Density Parity-Check (SC-LDPC) codes using a periodic time-variant Quasi-Cyclic (QC) algorithm. The QC based approach is optimized to obtain memory efficiency in storing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-18 Vikram Arkalgud Chandrasetty , Sarah J. Johnson , Gottfried Lechner

This paper propose a decoder architecture for low-density parity-check convolutional code (LDPCCC). Specifically, the LDPCCC is derived from a quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC block code. By making use of the quasi-cyclic structure, the proposed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Chiu-Wing Sham , Xu Chen , Francis C. M. Lau , Yue Zhao , Wai M. Tam

Identifying the best families of quantum error correction (QEC) codes for near-term experiments is key to enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing. Ideally, such codes should have low overhead in qubit number, high physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Laura Pecorari , Guido Pupillo

While low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are near capacity-achieving when paired with iterative decoders, these decoders may not output a codeword due to the existence of pseudocodewords. Thus, pseudocodewords have been studied to give…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Wittawat Kositwattanarerk , Gretchen L. Matthews , Emily McMillon , Tunchanok Yutitumsatit

Although quantum key distribution (QKD) comes from the development of quantum theory, the implementation of a practical QKD system does involve a lot of classical process, such as key reconciliation and privacy amplification, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-26 Mo Li , Chun-Mei Zhang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Chuan Wang , Zheng-Fu Han

It is widely accepted that quantum error correction is essential for realizing large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recent experiments have demonstrated error correction codes operating below threshold, primarily using local planar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Christian Kraglund Andersen , Eliška Greplová

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes together with belief propagation (BP) decoding yield exceptional error correction capabilities in the large block length regime. Yet, there remains a gap between BP decoding and maximum likelihood…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen

A major challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce both space overhead -- the large number of physical qubits per logical qubit -- and time overhead -- the long physical gate sequences per logical gate. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Shiro Tamiya , Masato Koashi , Hayata Yamasaki

In this paper, we propose a novel decoding method for Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Similar to the Belief Propagation (BP)-based QLDPC decoders, the proposed GNN-based QLDPC decoder…

The "Divide and Concur'' (DC) algorithm, recently introduced by Gravel and Elser, can be considered a competitor to the belief propagation (BP) algorithm, in that both algorithms can be applied to a wide variety of constraint satisfaction,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-13 Jonathan S. Yedidia , Yige Wang , Stark C. Draper

Quantum error correction (QEC) for fault-tolerant quantum computing requires a balanced decoding solution that offers high performance, low complexity, and low latency. However, the de facto standard, belief propagation (BP) combined with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Hee-Youl Kwak , Seong-Joon Park , Hyunwoo Jung , Jeongseok Ha , Jae-Won Kim

We propose a decoder for quantum low density parity check (LDPC) codes based on a beam search heuristic guided by belief propagation (BP). Our beam search decoder applies to all quantum LDPC codes and achieves different speed-accuracy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Min Ye , Dave Wecker , Nicolas Delfosse

Variant belief propagation (BP) algorithms are applied to low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. However, conventional decoders suffer from a large resource consumption due to gathering messages from all the neighbour variable-nodes and/or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Wu Guan , Liping Liang

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are a promising construction for drastically reducing the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) architectures. However, all of the known hardware implementations of these codes…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin