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Although current sensitivity limits are such that true Solar System analogs remain challenging to detect, numerous planetary systems have been discovered that are very different from our own Solar System. The majority of systems harbor a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 Niraj K. Inamdar , Hilke E. Schlichting

We discuss the interior structure and composition of giant planets, and how this structure changes as these planets cool and contract over time. Here we define giant planets as those that have an observable hydrogen-helium envelope, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-18 Jonathan J. Fortney , Isabelle Baraffe , Burkhard Militzer

The determination of Saturn's atmospheric noble gas abundances are critical to understanding the formation and evolution of Saturn, and giant planets in general. These measurements can only be performed with an entry probe. A Saturn probe…

The orbital distributions of currently observed extrasolar giant planets allow marginally stable orbits for hypothetical, terrestrial planets. In this paper, we propose that many of these systems may not have additional planets on these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Soko Matsumura , Shigeru Ida , Makiko Nagasawa

The connection between the atmospheric composition of giant planets and their origin remains elusive. In this study, we explore how convective mixing can link the primordial planetary state to its atmospheric composition. We simulate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-29 Henrik Knierim , Ravit Helled

Exoplanetary science continues to excite and surprise with its rich diversity. We discuss here some key aspects potentially influencing the range of exoplanetary terrestrial-type atmospheres which could exist in nature. We are motivated by…

Static structure models, which map mass-radius constraints to bulk planet composition, are frequently used to categorise exoplanets due to their computational efficiency and the high-level insight they offer into planetary properties.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Harrison Nicholls , Oliver Shorttle , Tim Lichtenberg , Flavia Pascal

A gap in exoplanets' radius distribution has been widely attributed to the photo-evaporation threshold of their progenitors' gaseous envelope. Giant impacts can also lead to substantial mass-loss. The outflowing gas endures tidal torque…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 S. Wang , D. N. C. Lin

With the increasing number of directly imaged giant exoplanets the current atmosphere models are often not capable of fully explaining the spectra and luminosity of the sources. A particularly challenging component of the atmosphere models…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Veselin B. Kostov , Dániel Apai

Determining the composition of giant exoplanets is crucial for understanding their origin and evolution. However, the planetary bulk composition is not measured directly but must be deduced from a combination of mass-radius measurements,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-25 Simon Müller , Ravit Helled

Water-rich super-Earth exoplanets are expected to be common. We explore the effect of late giant impacts on the final bulk abundance of water in such planets. We present the results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Robert A. Marcus , Dimitar Sasselov , Sarah T. Stewart , Lars Hernquist

Giant planets acquire gas, ices and rocks during the early formation stages of planetary systems and thus inform us on the formation process itself. Proceeding from inside out, examining the connections between the deep interiors and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-10 Tristan Guillot , Leigh N. Fletcher , Ravit Helled , Masahiro Ikoma , Michael R. Line , Vivien Parmentier

The growing number of exoplanet discoveries and advances in machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the characteristics of worlds beyond our Solar System. In this study, we employ efficient…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-29 Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr , Davood M. Jassur , Ghassem Gozaliasl

Aims: The secondary atmospheres of terrestrial planets form and evolve as a consequence of interaction with the interior over geological time. We aim to quantify the influence of planetary bulk composition on the interior--atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Rob J. Spaargaren , Maxim D. Ballmer , Dan J. Bower , Caroline Dorn , Paul J. Tackley

Hot giant exoplanets are very exotic objects with no equivalent in the Solar System that allow us to study the behavior of atmospheres under extreme conditions. Their thermal and chemical day--night dichotomies associated with extreme wind…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-31 William Pluriel

We know that giant planets played a crucial role in the making of our Solar System. The discovery of giant planets orbiting other stars is a formidable opportunity to learn more about these objects, what is their composition, how various…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Tristan Guillot

We present a broad suite of models of extrasolar giant planets (EGP's), ranging in mass from 0.3 to 15 Jupiter masses. The models predict luminosity (both reflected and emitted) as a function of age, mass, deuterium abundance and distance…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 D. Saumon , W. B. Hubbard , A. Burrows , T. Guillot , J. I. Lunine , G. Chabrier

Sub-Neptunes occupy an intriguing region of planetary mass-radius space, where theoretical models of interior structure predict that they could be water-rich, where water is in steam and supercritical state. Such planets are expected to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-05 Artyom Aguichine , Natalie Batalha , Jonathan J. Fortney , Nadine Nettelmann , James E. Owen , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

Recent observations started revealing the compositions of protostellar discs and planets beyond the Solar System. In this paper, we explore how the compositions of terrestrial planets are affected by dynamical evolution of giant planets. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-17 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

This article reviews the emerging field of exo-geoscience, focusing on the geological and geophysical processes thought to influence the evolution and (eu)habitability of rocky exoplanets. We examine the possible roles of planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Tilman Spohn , Akli Roberge , M. J. Way , João C. Duarte , Francesca Miozzi , Philipp Baumeister , Paul Byrne , Charles Lineweaver