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Ensuring the moral reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a growing concern as these systems are used in socially sensitive tasks. Nevertheless, current evaluation benchmarks present two major shortcomings: a lack of…

The rise of social media and online communication platforms has led to the spread of Arabic textual posts and memes as a key form of digital expression. While these contents can be humorous and informative, they are also increasingly being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Nouar AlDahoul , Yasir Zaki

Given the black-box nature and complexity of large transformer language models (LM), concerns about generalizability and robustness present ethical implications for domains such as hate speech (HS) detection. Using the content rich Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jennifer L. Chen , Faisal Ladhak , Daniel Li , Noémie Elhadad

The social media platform is a convenient medium to express personal thoughts and share useful information. It is fast, concise, and has the ability to reach millions. It is an effective place to archive thoughts, share artistic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ramchandra Joshi , Rushabh Karnavat , Kaustubh Jirapure , Raviraj Joshi

Understanding how harm emerges from interaction between otherwise benign image-text pairs requires intent-aware cross-modal reasoning beyond surface-level features. Existing vision-language models (VLMs) excel at literal reasoning over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Anisha Saha , Varsha Suresh , Teodora Kamova , Sophia Wiedmann , Timothy Hospedales , Vera Demberg

Hate speech detection on online social networks has become one of the emerging hot topics in recent years. With the broad spread and fast propagation speed across online social networks, hate speech makes significant impacts on society by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Guanyi Mou , Pengyi Ye , Kyumin Lee

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they often present challenges in terms of safety, alignment with human values, and stability during training. Here, we focus on two prevalent methods used to align these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Gabriel Mukobi , Peter Chatain , Su Fong , Robert Windesheim , Gitta Kutyniok , Kush Bhatia , Silas Alberti

With the continuous emergence of various social media platforms frequently used in daily life, the multimodal meme understanding (MMU) task has been garnering increasing attention. MMU aims to explore and comprehend the meanings of memes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Li Zheng , Hao Fei , Ting Dai , Zuquan Peng , Fei Li , Huisheng Ma , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Automating legal reasoning forces a choice between imperfect alternatives: symbolic systems offer transparency but struggle with ambiguity, whereas neural systems handle natural language flexibly but lack verifiability. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Oskar von Cossel

Hate Speech takes many forms to target communities with derogatory comments, and takes humanity a step back in societal progress. HateXplain is a recently published and first dataset to use annotated spans in the form of rationales, along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Arvind Subramaniam , Aryan Mehra , Sayani Kundu

Recent large reasoning models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning algorithms (e.g., GRPO) have achieved remarkable performance on challenging reasoning tasks. However, these models suffer from overthinking, generating unnecessarily long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gang Li , Yan Chen , Ming Lin , Tianbao Yang

Personality detection aims to measure an individual's corresponding personality traits through their social media posts. The advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer novel perspectives for personality detection tasks. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuan Cao , Feixiang Liu , Xinyue Wang , Yihan Zhu , Hui Xu , Zheng Wang , Qiang Qiu

WARNING: This paper contains examples of offensive materials. To address the proliferation of toxic content on social media, we introduce SMARTER, we introduce SMARTER, a data-efficient two-stage framework for explainable content moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huy Nghiem , Advik Sachdeva , Hal Daumé

Social media memes are a challenging domain for hate detection because they intertwine visual and textual cues into culturally nuanced messages. To tackle these challenges, we introduce TRACE, a hierarchical multimodal framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Aditya Joshi , Diptesh Kanojia

Automatic detection of online hate speech serves as a crucial step in the detoxification of the online discourse. Moreover, accurate classification can promote a better understanding of the proliferation of hate as a social phenomenon.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tom Marzea , Abraham Israeli , Oren Tsur

Text-based hyperbole and metaphor detection are of great significance for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, due to their semantic obscurity and expressive diversity, it is rather challenging to identify them. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Li Zheng , Sihang Wang , Hao Fei , Zuquan Peng , Fei Li , Jianming Fu , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Recently the emergence of novel presentation attacks has drawn increasing attention to face anti-spoofing. However, existing methods tend to memorize data patterns from the training set, resulting in poor generalization to unknown attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Fangling Jiang , Qi Li , Weining Wang , Gang Wang , Bing Liu , Zhenan Sun

Understanding and recognizing human-object interaction (HOI) is a pivotal application in AR/VR and robotics. Recent open-vocabulary HOI detection approaches depend exclusively on large language models for richer textual prompts, neglecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Zhenhao Zhang , Hanqing Wang , Xiangyu Zeng , Ziyu Cheng , Jiaxin Liu , Haoyu Yan , Zhirui Liu , Kaiyang Ji , Tianxiang Gui , Ke Hu , Kangyi Chen , Yahao Fan , Mokai Pan

Employing language models to generate explanations for an incoming implicit hate post is an active area of research. The explanation is intended to make explicit the underlying stereotype and aid content moderators. The training often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Neemesh Yadav , Sarah Masud , Vikram Goyal , Vikram Goyal , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Given the high computational cost of preference alignment training of large language models (LLMs), exploring efficient methods to reduce the training overhead remains an important and compelling research problem. Motivated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chujie Zheng , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji , Minlie Huang , Nanyun Peng