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Patient-trial matching requires reasoning over long, heterogeneous electronic health records (EHRs) and complex eligibility criteria, posing significant challenges for scalability, generalization, and computational efficiency. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaodi Li , Yang Xiao , Munhwan Lee , Konstantinos Leventakos , Young J. Juhn , David Jones , Terence T. Sio , Wei Liu , Maria Vassilaki , Nansu Zong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) generally enhances large language models' (LLMs) ability to solve knowledge-intensive tasks. But RAG may also lead to performance degradation due to imperfect retrieval and the model's limited ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuyang Cao , Karthik Radhakrishnan , David Rosenberg , Steven Lu , Pengxiang Cheng , Lu Wang , Shiyue Zhang

Electronic health records (EHRs) are long, noisy, and often redundant, posing a major challenge for the clinicians who must navigate them. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising solution for extracting and reasoning over this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Skatje Myers , Dmitriy Dligach , Timothy A. Miller , Samantha Barr , Yanjun Gao , Matthew Churpek , Anoop Mayampurath , Majid Afshar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving factual accuracy in large language models (LLMs). We introduce a benchmark designed to evaluate RAG pipelines as a whole, evaluating a pipeline's ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samuel Hildebrand , Curtis Taylor , Sean Oesch , James M Ghawaly , Amir Sadovnik , Ryan Shivers , Brandon Schreiber , Kevin Kurian

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely used for various tasks and applications. However, LLMs and fine-tuning are limited to the pre-trained data. For example, ChatGPT's world knowledge until 2021 can be outdated or inaccurate. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ahsan Bilal , Beiyu Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a paradigm that augments large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to tackle knowledge-intensive question answering. While several benchmarks evaluate Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yin Wu , Quanyu Long , Jing Li , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Existing medical RAG systems mainly leverage knowledge from medical knowledge bases, neglecting the crucial role of experiential knowledge derived from similar patient cases -- a key component of human clinical reasoning. To bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuxing Lu , Gecheng Fu , Wei Wu , Xukai Zhao , Sin Yee Goi , Jinzhuo Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommendation systems have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding user preferences and generating personalized suggestions. However, existing approaches face critical challenges in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sushant Mehta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving supporting documents into the prompt, but existing methods do not explicitly target queries that require fetching multiple documents with substantially…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding responses in external knowledge during inference. However, conventiona RAG systems under-perform on structured tabular data, largely due to coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zebin Guo , Weidong Geng , Ruichen Mao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) plays a crucial role in grounding Large Language Models by leveraging external knowledge, whereas the effectiveness is often compromised by the retrieval of contextually flawed or incomplete information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaoze Zhang , Rong Wu , Pinlong Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Guohang Yan , Song Mao , Ding Wang , Botian Shi

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks have shown significant promise in leveraging external knowledge to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAG methods often retrieve documents based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, conventional single-agent RAG remains fundamentally limited in resolving complex queries demanding coordinated reasoning across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Pei Liu , Xin Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Junming Liu , Siyuan Meng , Ding Wang , Jun Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in clinical decision support. Yet LLMs still suffer from hallucinations and lack fine-grained contextual medical knowledge, limiting their high-stake healthcare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Pengcheng Jiang , Cao Xiao , Minhao Jiang , Parminder Bhatia , Taha Kass-Hout , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge from linearized subgraphs retrieved from knowledge graphs. However, LLMs struggle to interpret the relational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shanghao Li , Jinda Han , Yibo Wang , Yuanjie Zhu , Zihe Song , Langzhou He , Kenan Kamel A Alghythee , Philip S. Yu

Long text classification is challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to token limits and high computational costs. This study explores whether a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approach using only the most relevant text…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucination by grounding answers in retrieved evidence, yet hallucinated answers remain common even when relevant documents are available. Existing evaluations focus on answer-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Passant Elchafei , Monorama Swain , Shahed Masoudian , Markus Schedl
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