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Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

Teleportation is a crucial element in fault-tolerant quantum computation and a complete understanding of its capacity is very important for the practical implementation of optimal fault-tolerant architectures. It is known that stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-10 Bei Zeng , Xie Chen , Isaac L. Chuang

Fault tolerance is widely regarded as indispensable for achieving scalable and reliable quantum computing. However, the spacetime overhead required for fault-tolerant quantum computating remains prohibitively large. A critical challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Pei Zeng , Guo Zheng , Qian Xu , Liang Jiang

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

Fault-tolerant logical entangling gates are essential for scalable quantum computing, but are limited by the error rates and overheads of physical two-qubit gates and measurements. To address this limitation, we introduce phantom…

Certain quantum codes allow logic operations to be performed on the encoded data, such that a multitude of errors introduced by faulty gates can be corrected. An important class of such operations are {\em transversal}, acting bitwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-11 Bei Zeng , Andrew Cross , Isaac L. Chuang

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

We study the implementation of fault-tolerant logical Clifford gates on stabilizer quantum error correcting codes based on their symmetries. Our approach is to map the stabilizer code to a binary linear code, compute its automorphism group,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Hasan Sayginel , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Mark Webster , Abhishek Rajput , Dan E Browne

For a number of useful quantum circuits, qudit constructions have been found which reduce resource requirements compared to the best known or best possible qubit construction. However, many of the necessary qutrit gates in these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Lia Yeh , John van de Wetering

We provide a recursively defined sequence of flag circuits which will detect logical errors induced by non-fault-tolerant $R_{\overline{Z}}(\frac{\pi}{2^l})$ gates on CSS codes with a fault distance of two. As applications, we give a family…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Shival Dasu , Ben Criger

We introduce a family of scalable planar fault-tolerant circuits that implement logical non-Clifford operations on a 2D color code, such as a logical $T$ gate or a logical non-Pauli measurement that prepares a magic $|T\rangle$ state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Andreas Bauer , Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente

Logical gates constitute the building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computation. While quantum error-corrected memories have been extensively studied in the literature, explicit constructions and detailed analyses of thresholds and…

While Clifford operations are relatively easy to implement in fault-tolerant quantum computers,continuous rotation gates remain a significant bottleneck in typical quantum algorithms. In this work, we ask the question: "What is the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zhu Sun , Balint Koczor

We introduce the parity-unfolded architecture, a fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme that relies on direct preparation and teleportation of small-angle rotations $ Z^{1/2^{k}}$ rather than approximating them with the conventional…

Identifying stabilizer codes that admit fault-tolerant implementations of the full logical Clifford group would significantly advance fault-tolerant quantum computation. Motivated by this goal, we study several classes of fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Aranya Chakraborty , Daniel Gottesman

Recently an algorithm has been constructed that shows the binary icosahedral group $\2I$ together with a $T$-like gate forms the most efficient single-qubit universal gate set. To carry out the algorithm fault tolerantly requires a code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Eric Kubischta , Ian Teixeira

Code switching is an established technique that facilitates a universal set of FT quantum gate operations by combining two QEC codes with complementary sets of gates, which each by themselves are easy to implement fault-tolerantly. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Sascha Heußen , Janine Hilder

Certain types of quantum computing platforms, such as those realized using Rydberg atoms or Kerr-cat qubits, are natively more susceptible to Pauli-Z noise than Pauli-X noise, or vice versa. On such hardware, it is useful to ensure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Debadrito Roy , Aryaman Manish Kolhe , V. Lalitha , Navin Kashyap
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