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The goal of automatic Sign Language Production (SLP) is to translate spoken language to a continuous stream of sign language video at a level comparable to a human translator. If this was achievable, then it would revolutionise Deaf hearing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

The lack of fluency in sign language remains a barrier to seamless communication for hearing and speech-impaired communities. In this work, we propose a low-cost, real-time ASL-to-speech translation glove and an exhaustive training dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Aditya Makkar , Divya Makkar , Aarav Patel , Liam Hebert

Prior work on Sign Language Translation has shown that having a mid-level sign gloss representation (effectively recognizing the individual signs) improves the translation performance drastically. In fact, the current state-of-the-art in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Necati Cihan Camgoz , Oscar Koller , Simon Hadfield , Richard Bowden

Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) has emerged as a vital field for bridging the gap between deaf and hearing communities. However, the problem of sign-to-sign retrieval or detecting a specific sign within a sequence of continuous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Samuel Ebimobowei Johnny , Blessed Guda , Emmanuel Enejo Aaron , Assane Gueye

Our aim is to develop a unified model for sign language understanding, that performs sign language translation (SLT) and sign-subtitle alignment (SSA). Together, these two tasks enable the conversion of continuous signing videos into spoken…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Youngjoon Jang , Liliane Momeni , Zifan Jiang , Joon Son Chung , Gül Varol , Andrew Zisserman

Indian Sign Language has limited resources for developing machine learning and data-driven approaches for automated language processing. Though text/audio-based language processing techniques have shown colossal research interest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Abhinav Joshi , Romit Mohanty , Mounika Kanakanti , Andesha Mangla , Sudeep Choudhary , Monali Barbate , Ashutosh Modi

This paper presents a real-time American Sign Language (ASL) recognition system utilizing a hybrid deep learning architecture combining 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dawnena Key

Natural language processing for sign language video - including tasks like recognition, translation, and search - is crucial for making artificial intelligence technologies accessible to deaf individuals, and is gaining research interest in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Bowen Shi , Diane Brentari , Greg Shakhnarovich , Karen Livescu

Sign languages are visual languages which convey information by signers' handshape, facial expression, body movement, and so forth. Due to the inherent restriction of combinations of these visual ingredients, there exist a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Ronglai Zuo , Fangyun Wei , Brian Mak

Sign languages are the language of hearing-impaired people who use visuals like the hand, facial, and body movements for communication. There are different signs and gestures representing alphabets, words, and phrases. Nowadays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Sharvani Srivastava , Sudhakar Singh , Pooja , Shiv Prakash

Sign language translation (SLT) is a challenging task that involves translating sign language images into spoken language. For SLT models to perform this task successfully, they must bridge the modality gap and identify subtle variations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jungeun Kim , Hyeongwoo Jeon , Jongseong Bae , Ha Young Kim

Sign language translation as a kind of technology with profound social significance has attracted growing researchers' interest in recent years. However, the existing sign language translation methods need to read all the videos before…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Aoxiong Yin , Zhou Zhao , Jinglin Liu , Weike Jin , Meng Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Xiaofei He

Sign languages are the primary means of communication for many hard-of-hearing people worldwide. Recently, to bridge the communication gap between the hard-of-hearing community and the rest of the population, several sign language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Abhinav Joshi , Susmit Agrawal , Ashutosh Modi

Machine learning models fundamentally rely on large quantities of high-quality data. Collecting the necessary data for these models can be challenging due to cost, scarcity, and privacy restrictions. Signed languages are visual languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Harry Walsh , Maksym Ivashechkin , Richard Bowden

Cascaded speech-to-speech translation systems often suffer from the error accumulation problem and high latency, which is a result of cascaded modules whose inference delays accumulate. In this paper, we propose a transducer-based speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Jinzheng Zhao , Niko Moritz , Egor Lakomkin , Ruiming Xie , Zhiping Xiu , Katerina Zmolikova , Zeeshan Ahmed , Yashesh Gaur , Duc Le , Christian Fuegen

The recent surge in large language models has automated translations of spoken and written languages. However, these advances remain largely inaccessible to American Sign Language (ASL) users, whose language relies on complex visual cues.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Daniel Perkins , Davis Hunter , Dhrumil Patel , Galen Flanagan

Audio is the primary modality for human communication and has driven the success of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technologies. However, such audio-centric systems inherently exclude individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jeong Hun Yeo , Hyeongseop Rha , Sungjune Park , Junil Won , Yong Man Ro

Sign languages are multi-channel visual languages, where signers use a continuous 3D space to communicate.Sign Language Production (SLP), the automatic translation from spoken to sign languages, must embody both the continuous articulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Ben Saunders , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Sign language is a visual language that encompasses all linguistic features of natural languages and serves as the primary communication method for the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities. Although many studies have successfully adapted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ronglai Zuo , Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Evangelos Ververas , Jiankang Deng , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Sign languages are used as a primary language by approximately 70 million D/deaf people world-wide. However, most communication technologies operate in spoken and written languages, creating inequities in access. To help tackle this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Aashaka Desai , Lauren Berger , Fyodor O. Minakov , Vanessa Milan , Chinmay Singh , Kriston Pumphrey , Richard E. Ladner , Hal Daumé , Alex X. Lu , Naomi Caselli , Danielle Bragg