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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the response capabilities of language models by integrating external knowledge sources. However, document chunking as an important part of RAG system often lacks effective evaluation tools. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wensheng Lu , Keyu Chen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Current hybrid RAG system retrieves evidence from both knowledge graphs (KGs) and text documents to support LLM reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated considerable effectiveness in open-domain question answering. However, when applied to heterogeneous documents, comprising both textual and tabular components, existing RAG approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xiaohan Yu , Pu Jian , Chong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in automating scientific ideation, yet current approaches relying on iterative prompting or complex multi-agent architectures often suffer from hallucination or computational…

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) necessitates complex reasoning by integrating multiple pieces of information to resolve intricate questions. However, existing QA systems encounter challenges such as outdated information, context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Xiaoming Zhang , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation have become central in natural language processing due to their efficacy in generating factual content. While traditional methods employ single-time retrieval, more recent approaches have shifted towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Jiajie Jin , Jian-Yun Nie , Zhicheng Dou

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine iterative search, planning prompts, and retrieval backends, but deployed settings impose explicit budgets on tool calls and completion tokens. We present a controlled measurement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kyle McCleary , James Ghawaly

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), wherein each agent takes on a specific role, supports hard queries that require multiple steps and sources, or complex reasoning. Existing approaches, however, rely on static agent behaviors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained significant popularity in modern Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its effectiveness in introducing new knowledge and reducing hallucinations. However, the deep understanding of RAG remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jingyu Liu , Jiaen Lin , Yong Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise for enhancing LLM agentic reasoning, yet sparse terminal rewards hinder fine-grained optimization. Process reward modeling offers an alternative but incurs high computational costs, reward hacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiao Feng , Bo Han , Zhanke Zhou , Jiaqi Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ka Ho Li , Dahai Yu , Michael Kwok-Po Ng

Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) critically depends on the exploration capability of the base policy, as training signals emerge only within its in-capability region. For tasks where the base policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuxiang Ji , Zengbin Wang , Yong Wang , Shidong Yang , Ziyu Ma , Guanhua Chen , Zonghua Sun , Liaoni Wu , Xiangxiang Chu

In this paper, we introduce Reward-RAG, a novel approach designed to enhance the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model through Reward-Driven Supervision. Unlike previous RAG methodologies, which focus on training language models (LMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Thang Nguyen , Peter Chin , Yu-Wing Tai

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the question-answering (QA) abilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge. However, adapting general-purpose RAG systems to specialized fields such as science and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ran Xu , Hui Liu , Sreyashi Nag , Zhenwei Dai , Yaochen Xie , Xianfeng Tang , Chen Luo , Yang Li , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang , Qi He

We present MA-RAG, a Multi-Agent framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) that addresses the inherent ambiguities and reasoning challenges in complex information-seeking tasks. Unlike conventional RAG methods that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Thang Nguyen , Peter Chin , Yu-Wing Tai

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) often falls short when retrieved context includes confusing semi-relevant passages, or when answering questions require deep contextual understanding and reasoning. We propose an efficient fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mohammad Kachuee , Teja Gollapudi , Minseok Kim , Yin Huang , Kai Sun , Xiao Yang , Jiaqi Wang , Nirav Shah , Yue Liu , Aaron Colak , Anuj Kumar , Wen-tau Yih , Xin Luna Dong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs) for solving question-answer (QA) tasks. The state-of-the-art RAG approaches often use the graph data as the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Yixiang Fang , Yingli Zhou , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Efficiently processing and interpreting network data is critical for the operation of increasingly complex networks. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have improved data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amar Abane , Anis Bekri , Abdella Battou , Saddek Bensalem

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is gaining recognition as one of the key technological axes for next generation information retrieval, owing to its ability to mitigate the hallucination phenomenon in Large Language Models (LLMs)and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hyunseok Ryu , Wonjune Shin , Hyun Park