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The availability of extensive datasets containing gaze information for each subject has significantly enhanced gaze estimation accuracy. However, the discrepancy between domains severely affects a model's performance explicitly trained for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Younghan Kim , Kangryun Moon , Yongjun Park , Yonggyu Kim

Human biases have been shown to influence the performance of models and algorithms in various fields, including Natural Language Processing. While the study of this phenomenon is garnering focus in recent years, the available resources are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ana Sofia Evans , Helena Moniz , Luísa Coheur

The expanding influence of social media platforms over the past decade has impacted the way people communicate. The level of obscurity provided by social media and easy accessibility of the internet has facilitated the spread of hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Susmita Das , Arpita Dutta , Kingshuk Roy , Abir Mondal , Arnab Mukhopadhyay

Implicit hate speech detection is challenging due to its subtlety and reliance on contextual interpretation rather than explicit offensive words. Current approaches rely on contrastive learning, which are shown to be effective on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yejin Lee , Joonghyuk Hahn , Hyeseon Ahn , Yo-Sub Han

Tackling online hatred using informed textual responses - called counter narratives - has been brought under the spotlight recently. Accordingly, a research line has emerged to automatically generate counter narratives in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yi-Ling Chung , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

Hateful and Toxic content has become a significant concern in today's world due to an exponential rise in social media. The increase in hate speech and harmful content motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Suman Dowlagar , Radhika Mamidi

Automated hate speech detection in social media is a challenging task that has recently gained significant traction in the data mining and Natural Language Processing community. However, most of the existing methods adopt a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Md Rabiul Awal , Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Sandra Mitrovic

Social media and online forums are increasingly becoming popular. Unfortunately, these platforms are being used for spreading hate speech. In this paper, we design black-box techniques to protect users from hate-speech on online platforms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sampanna Yashwant Kahu , Naman Ahuja

Online hate remains a significant societal challenge, especially as multimodal content enables subtle, culturally grounded, and implicit forms of harm. Hateful memes embed hostility through text-image interactions and humor, making them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sahajpreet Singh , Kokil Jaidka , Subhayan Mukerjee

Hateful comments are prevalent on social media platforms. Although tools for automatically detecting, flagging, and blocking such false, offensive, and harmful content online have lately matured, such reactive and brute force methods alone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sougata Saha , Rohini Srihari

Data often has many semantic attributes that are causally associated with each other. But do attribute-specific learned representations of data also respect the same causal relations? We answer this question in three steps. First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Lan Wang , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

The proliferation of social media platforms has led to an increase in the spread of hate speech, particularly targeting vulnerable communities. Unfortunately, existing methods for automatically identifying and blocking toxic language rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shiza Ali , Jeremy Blackburn , Gianluca Stringhini

Identifying the targets of hate speech is a crucial step in grasping the nature of such speech and, ultimately, in improving the detection of offensive posts on online forums. Much harmful content on online platforms uses implicit language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nazanin Jafari , James Allan , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar

Estimating the conditional average treatment effects (CATE) is very important in causal inference and has a wide range of applications across many fields. In the estimation process of CATE, the unconfoundedness assumption is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Pengfei Shi , Wei Zhong , Xinyu Zhang , Ningtao Wang , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang , Yin Jin

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

Racism and intolerance on social media contribute to a toxic online environment which may spill offline to foster hatred, and eventually lead to physical violence. That is the case with online antisemitism, the specific category of hatred…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Raza Ul Mustafa , Nathalie Japkowicz

Social media, particularly Twitter, has seen a significant increase in incidents like trolling and hate speech. Thus, identifying hate speech is the need of the hour. This paper introduces a computational framework to curb the hate content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anusha Chhabra , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

We study attribute control in language models through the method of Causal Average Treatment Effect (Causal ATE). Existing methods for the attribute control task in Language Models (LMs) check for the co-occurrence of words in a sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Rahul Madhavan , Kahini Wadhawan

Behavioural testing -- verifying system capabilities by validating human-designed input-output pairs -- is an alternative evaluation method of natural language processing systems proposed to address the shortcomings of the standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Benjamin Roth