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Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables transcriptome-wide profiling while preserving the spatial context of tissues, offering unprecedented opportunities to study tissue organization and cell-cell interactions in situ. Despite recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wei Wang , Quoc-Toan Ly , Chong Yu , Jun Bai

We present GalSBI, a phenomenological model of the galaxy population for cosmological applications using simulation-based inference. The model is based on analytical parametrizations of galaxy luminosity functions, morphologies and spectral…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-09 Silvan Fischbacher , Tomasz Kacprzak , Luca Tortorelli , Beatrice Moser , Alexandre Refregier , Patrick Gebhardt , Daniel Gruen

Observational astronomy relies on visual feature identification to detect critical astrophysical phenomena. While machine learning (ML) increasingly automates this process, models often struggle with generalization in large-scale surveys…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-15 Chenrui Ma , Zechang Sun , Tao Jing , Zheng Cai , Yuan-Sen Ting , Song Huang , Mingyu Li

Determining the redshift distribution $n(z)$ of galaxy samples is essential for several cosmological probes including weak lensing. For imaging surveys, this is usually done using photometric redshifts estimated on an object-by-object…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-31 Jörg Herbel , Tomasz Kacprzak , Adam Amara , Alexandre Refregier , Claudio Bruderer , Andrina Nicola

Stellar astrophysics relies on diverse observational modalities-primarily photometric light curves and spectroscopic data from which fundamental stellar properties are inferred. While machine learning (ML) has advanced analysis within…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-07 Ilay Kamai , Alex M. Bronstein , Hagai B. Perets

Accurate photometric redshift estimation is critical for observational cosmology, especially in large-scale surveys where spectroscopic measurements are impractical. Traditional approaches include template fitting and machine learning, each…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Jonas Chris Ferrao , Dickson Dias , Pranav Naik , Glory D'Cruz , Anish Naik , Siya Khandeparkar , Manisha Gokuldas Fal Dessai

We propose a novel method to reconstruct the full posterior distribution of the star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies from broad-band photometry. Our method combines simulation-based inference (SBI) using a neural network trained with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-23 G. Aufort , C. Laigle , H. J. McCracken , D. Le Borgne , R. Arango-Toro , L. Ciesla , O. Ilbert , L. Tresse , Y. Dubois

Abstract Covariance matrix estimation is a challenging problem in cosmology. Recent work has shown that model covariance matrices can be precise, and that at relatively large scales they can also be accurate. We introduce a data-driven…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-13 Ross O'Connell

Forward modeling the galaxy density within the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure (EFT of LSS) enables field-level analyses that are robust to theoretical uncertainties. At the same time, they can maximize the constraining…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-08 Julia Stadler , Fabian Schmidt , Martin Reinecke , Matteo Esposito

Redshift measures the distance to galaxies and underlies our understanding of the origin of the Universe and galaxy evolution. Spectroscopic redshift is the gold-standard method for measuring redshift, but it requires about $1000$ times…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-19 Andrew Lizarraga , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Jacob Nowack , Yun Qi Li , Ying Nian Wu , Bernie Boscoe , Tuan Do

We introduce a framework for the enhanced estimation of photometric redshifts using Self-Organising Maps (SOMs). Our method projects galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) onto a two-dimensional map, identifying regions that are…

Vision foundation models, which have demonstrated significant potential in many multimedia applications, are often underutilized in the natural sciences. This is primarily due to mismatches between the nature of domain-specific scientific…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-19 E. Lastufka , O. Bait , M. Drozdova , V. Kinakh , D. Piras , M. Audard , M. Dessauges-Zavadsky , T. Holotyak , D. Schaerer , S. Voloshynovskiy

The galaxy luminosity function and galaxy stellar mass function are fundamental statistics in the testing of galaxy formation models. Theoretical predictions based on cosmological simulations can deviate from observations, especially at the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-18 Lin Tang , Weipeng Lin , Yang Wang , N. R. Napolitano

In the modern galaxy surveys photometric redshifts play a central role in a broad range of studies, from gravitational lensing and dark matter distribution to galaxy evolution. Using a dataset of about 25,000 galaxies from the second data…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 Stefano Cavuoti , Crescenzo Tortora , Massimo Brescia , Giuseppe Longo , Mario Radovich , Nicola R. Napolitano , Valeria Amaro , Civita Vellucci

We present an accelerated calibration framework for semi-analytic galaxy formation models, demonstrated with Galacticus. Rather than fitting directly to properties such as the low-redshift stellar mass function (SMF) - which requires…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-19 Andrew Robertson , Andrew Benson

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi

Studies of the distribution and evolution of galaxies are of fundamental importance to modern cosmology; these studies, however, are hampered by the complexity of the competing effects of spectral and density evolution. Constructing a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. J. Brunner , A. J. Connolly , A. S. Szalay

Understanding how cellular morphology, gene expression, and spatial context jointly shape tissue function is a central challenge in biology. Image-based spatial transcriptomics technologies now provide high-resolution measurements of cell…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-17 Zhenglun Kong , Mufan Qiu , John Boesen , Xiang Lin , Sukwon Yun , Tianlong Chen , Manolis Kellis , Marinka Zitnik

Filament finders are limited, among other things, by the abundance of spectroscopic redshift data. As there are proportionally more photometric redshift data than spectroscopic, we aim to use photometric data to improve and expand the areas…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Moorits Mihkel Muru , Elmo Tempel

One of the most important properties of a galaxy is the total stellar mass, or equivalently the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L). It is not directly observable, but can be estimated from stellar population synthesis. Currently, a galaxy's…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-24 Wouter Dobbels , Serge Krier , Stephan Pirson , Sébastien Viaene , Gert De Geyter , Samir Salim , Maarten Baes