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Unlearning aims to remove copyrighted, sensitive, or private content from large language models (LLMs) without a full retraining. In this work, we develop a multi-task unlearning benchmark (LUME) which features three tasks: (1) unlearn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Anil Ramakrishna , Yixin Wan , Xiaomeng Jin , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhiqi Bu , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Volkan Cevher , Mingyi Hong , Rahul Gupta

Machine unlearning (MU) seeks to remove knowledge of specific data samples from trained models without the necessity for complete retraining, a task made challenging by the dual objectives of effective erasure of data and maintaining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Mark He Huang , Lin Geng Foo , Jun Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) may memorize undesirable information from training data, motivating growing interest in machine unlearning. In this work, we present the first systematic survey and robustness analysis of VLM unlearning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yujie Lin , Kaidi Jia , Jiayao Ma , Chengyi Yang , Jinsong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Abhinav Joshi , Shaswati Saha , Divyaksh Shukla , Sriram Vema , Harsh Jhamtani , Manas Gaur , Ashutosh Modi

Machine unlearning (MU) for large language models (LLMs), commonly referred to as LLM unlearning, seeks to remove specific undesirable data or knowledge from a trained model, while maintaining its performance on standard tasks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiwei Chen , Soumyadeep Pal , Yimeng Zhang , Qing Qu , Sijia Liu

Machine unlearning aims to remove sensitive or undesired data from large language models. However, recent studies suggest that unlearning is often shallow, claiming that removed knowledge can easily be recovered. In this work, we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Feng , Yixuan Even Xu , Alexander Robey , Robert Kirk , Xander Davies , Yarin Gal , Avi Schwarzschild , J. Zico Kolter

Large language model unlearning has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to address security and privacy concerns, leading to extensive research in the field. However, much of this research has concentrated on instance-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Yangfan Ye , Xiachong Feng , Bing Qin

Machine unlearning offers a promising solution to privacy and safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) by selectively removing targeted knowledge while preserving utility. However, current methods are highly sensitive to downstream…

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have spurred a new research paradigm in natural language processing. Despite their excellent capability in knowledge-based question answering and reasoning, their potential to retain faulty or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Nianwen Si , Hao Zhang , Heyu Chang , Wenlin Zhang , Dan Qu , Weiqiang Zhang

The objective of digital forgetting is, given a model with undesirable knowledge or behavior, obtain a new model where the detected issues are no longer present. The motivations for forgetting include privacy protection, copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Benet Manzanares , David Sánchez , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Guillem Collell , Kuan Eeik Tan

Driven by privacy protection laws and regulations, unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is gaining increasing attention. However, current research often neglects the interpretability of the unlearning process, particularly concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiaohua Feng , Yuyuan Li , Chengye Wang , Junlin Liu , Li Zhang , Chaochao Chen

Machine unlearning aims to solve the problem of removing the influence of selected training examples from a learned model. Despite the increasing attention to this problem, it remains an open research question how to evaluate unlearning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Teodora Baluta , Pascal Lamblin , Daniel Tarlow , Fabian Pedregosa , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

Large language model (LLM) unlearning aims to remove specific data influences from pre-trained model without costly retraining, addressing privacy, copyright, and safety concerns. However, recent studies reveal a critical vulnerability:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zeguan Xiao , Xuanzhe Xu , Yun Chen , Yong Wang , Jian Yang , Yanqing Hu , Guanhua Chen

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate extensive capability in learning from documents, LLM unlearning becomes an increasingly important research area to address concerns of LLMs in terms of privacy, copyright, etc. A conventional LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiabao Ji , Yujian Liu , Yang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to enhance safety, mitigate biases, and comply with legal mandates, such as the right to be forgotten. However, existing unlearning methods are brittle: minor query modifications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raj Sanjay Shah , Jing Huang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Diyi Yang

In recent years, unlearning techniques, which are methods for inducing a model to "forget" previously learned information, have attracted attention as a way to address privacy and copyright concerns in large language models (LLMs) and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tatsuki Kawakami , Kazuki Egashira , Atsuyuki Miyai , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Unlearning seeks to remove specific knowledge from large language models (LLMs), but its effectiveness remains contested. On one side, "forgotten" knowledge can often be recovered through interventions such as light fine-tuning; on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qingjie Zhang , Haoting Qian , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Minlie Huang , Ke Xu , Chao Zhang , Han Qiu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in a decentralized manner while preserving data privacy and minimizing communication overhead. This survey examines recent advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Youyang Qu , Ming Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Longxiang Gao , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

When introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) into industrial applications, such as healthcare and education, the risk of generating harmful content becomes a significant challenge. While existing machine unlearning methods can erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Mutsumi Sasaki , Kouta Nakayama , Yusuke Miyao , Yohei Oseki , Masaru Isonuma

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but raise ethical and security concerns by memorizing sensitive data, reinforcing biases, and producing harmful content. These risks have spurred interest in LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changsheng Wang , Yihua Zhang , Dennis Wei , Jinghan Jia , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu