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Two schemes are presented that mitigate the effect of errors and decoherence in short depth quantum circuits. The size of the circuits for which these techniques can be applied is limited by the rate at which the errors in the computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Kristan Temme , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta

A central challenge in quantum error correction is identifying powerful quantum codes tailored to specific hardware and determining their error thresholds above which quantum information is unprotected. This problem is hard because we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Gaurav Gyawali , Henry Shackleton , Zhu-Xi Luo , Michael Lawler

Understanding fault-tolerant properties of quantum circuits is important for the design of large-scale quantum information processors. In particular, simulating properties of encoded circuits is a crucial tool for investigating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Easwar Magesan , Daniel Puzzuoli , Christopher E. Granade , David G. Cory

Random measurements have been shown to induce a phase transition in an extended quantum system evolving under chaotic unitary dynamics, when the strength of measurements exceeds a threshold value. Below this threshold, a steady state with a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ruihua Fan , Sagar Vijay , Ashvin Vishwanath , Yi-Zhuang You

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

Implementing large-scale quantum algorithms with practical advantage will require fault-tolerance achieved through quantum error correction, but the associated overhead is a significant cost. The overhead can be reduced by engineering…

Mapping quantum error correcting codes to classical disordered statistical mechanics models and studying the phase diagram of the latter has proven a powerful tool to study the fundamental error robustness and associated critical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Davide Vodola , Manuel Rispler , Seyong Kim , Markus Müller

Adiabatic quantum algorithms solve computational problems by slowly evolving a trivial state to the desired solution. On an ideal quantum computer, the solution quality improves monotonically with increasing circuit depth. By contrast,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-27 Daniel Azses , Maxime Dupont , Bram Evert , Matthew J. Reagor , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

To achieve a fault-tolerant quantum computer, it is crucial to increase the coherence time of quantum bits. In this work, we theoretically investigate a system consisting of a series of superconducting qubits that alternate between XX and…

Monitored quantum circuits offer great perspectives for exploring the interplay of quantum information and complex quantum dynamics. These systems could realize the extensively studied entanglement and purification phase transitions, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Teemu Ojanen , Ali G. Moghaddam

Fault-tolerant architectures aim to reduce the noise of a quantum computation. Despite such architectures being well studied a detailed understanding of how noise is transformed in a fault-tolerant primitive such as magic state injection is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Nicholas Fazio , Robin Harper , Stephen D. Bartlett

In this paper, we address the problem of state communication in finite-level quantum systems through noise-affected channels. Our approach is based on a self-consistent theory of decoding inner products associated with the code and error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jorge R. Bolaños-Servín , Yuriko Pitones , Josué I. Rios-Cangas

Noisy computation and reversible computation have been studied separately, and it is known that they are as powerful as unrestricted computation. We study the case where both noise and reversibility are combined and show that the combined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Aharonov , M. Ben-Or , R. Impagliazzo , N. Nisan

Universal quantum computation is striking for its unprecedented capability in processing information, but its scalability is challenging in practice because of the inevitable environment noise. Although quantum error correction (QEC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Y. Ma , Y. Xu , X. Mu , W. Cai , L. Hu , W. Wang , X. Pan , H. Wang , Y. P. Song , C. -L. Zou , L. Sun

Repetition code forms a fundamental basis for quantum error correction experiments. To date, it stands as the sole code that has achieved large distances and extremely low error rates. Its applications span the spectrum of evaluating…

We calculate the fidelity with which an arbitrary state can be encoded into a [7,1,3] CSS quantum error correction code in a non-equiprobable Pauli operator error environment with the goal of determining whether this encoding can be used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 Sidney D. Buchbinder , Channing L. Huang , Yaakov S. Weinstein

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Harald Putterman , Kyungjoo Noh , Connor T. Hann , Gregory S. MacCabe , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Rishi N. Patel , Menyoung Lee , William M. Jones , Hesam Moradinejad , Roberto Rodriguez , Neha Mahuli , Jefferson Rose , John Clai Owens , Harry Levine , Emma Rosenfeld , Philip Reinhold , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Nasser Alidoust , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , James Barnett , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh A. Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harutiun Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Ming-Han Chou , Aashish Clerk , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Ana Valdes Curiel , Erik Davis , Laura DeLorenzo , J. Mitchell D'Ewart , Art Diky , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Shmuel Eisenmann , Essam Elkhouly , Glen Evenbly , Michael T. Fang , Yawen Fang , Matthew J. Fling , Warren Fon , Gabriel Garcia , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Julia A. Grant , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Arbel Haim , Justin Hand , Yuan He , Mike Hernandez , David Hover , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Matthew Hunt , Joe Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Jean-Christophe Jaskula , Liang Jiang , Mahmoud Kalaee , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Aleksander Kubica , Hanho Lee , Catherine Leroux , Simon Lieu , Victor Ly , Keven Villegas Madrigal , Guillaume Marcaud , Gavin McCabe , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Joaquin Minguzzi , Anurag Mishra , Biswaroop Mukherjee , Mahdi Naghiloo , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , Jason Pagdilao , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Panduro , JP Paquette , Minje Park , Gregory A. Peairs , David Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , John Preskill , Johnson Qiao , Gil Refael , Rachel Resnick , Alex Retzker , Omar A. Reyna , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Ernesto Sanchez , Rohan Sanil , Krishanu Sankar , Yuki Sato , Thomas Scaffidi , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , E. Alex Wollack , Yufeng Ye , Jessica A. Zerrudo , Kailing Zhang , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Matthew H. Matheny , Oskar Painter

The impressive progress in quantum hardware in the last years has raised the interest of the quantum computing community in harvesting the computational power of such devices. However, in the absence of error correction, these devices can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Giacomo De Palma , Milad Marvian , Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França