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Statistical measures for group fairness in machine learning reflect the gap in performance of algorithms across different groups. These measures, however, exhibit a high variance between different training instances, which makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Prakhar Ganesh , Hongyan Chang , Martin Strobel , Reza Shokri

Machine-learned systems are in widespread use for making decisions about humans, and it is important that they are fair, i.e., not biased against individuals based on sensitive attributes. We present a general framework of runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Thomas A. Henzinger , Mahyar Karimi , Konstantin Kueffner , Kaushik Mallik

Fair machine learning (ML) methods help identify and mitigate the risk that algorithms encode or automate social injustices. Algorithmic approaches alone cannot resolve structural inequalities, but they can support socio-technical decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Michelle Seng Ah Lee , Kirtan Padh , David Watson , Niki Kilbertus , Jatinder Singh

Equipping current decision-making tools with notions of fairness, equitability, or other ethically motivated outcomes, is one of the top priorities in recent research efforts in machine learning, AI, and optimization. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Andrea Simonetto , Ivano Notarnicola

Predictive algorithms are now used to help distribute a large share of our society's resources and sanctions, such as healthcare, loans, criminal detentions, and tax audits. Under the right circumstances, these algorithms can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Alex Chohlas-Wood , Madison Coots , Sharad Goel , Julian Nyarko

The prevalence and importance of algorithmic two-sided marketplaces has drawn attention to the issue of fairness in such settings. Algorithmic decisions are used in assigning students to schools, users to advertisers, and applicants to job…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Siddartha Devic , David Kempe , Vatsal Sharan , Aleksandra Korolova

Motivated by a plethora of practical examples where bias is induced by automated-decision making algorithms, there has been strong recent interest in the design of fair algorithms. However, there is often a dichotomy between fairness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-13 April Niu , Agnes Totschnig , Adrian Vetta

In many prediction problems, the predictive model affects the distribution of the prediction target. This phenomenon is known as performativity and is often caused by the behavior of individuals with vested interests in the outcome of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-03 Seamus Somerstep , Ya'acov Ritov , Yuekai Sun

This paper considers the scenario in which there are multiple institutions, each with a limited capacity for candidates, and candidates, each with preferences over the institutions. A central entity evaluates the utility of each candidate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-10 L. Elisa Celis , Amit Kumar , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi , Andrew Xu

The study of fairness in intelligent decision systems has mostly ignored long-term influence on the underlying population. Yet fairness considerations (e.g. affirmative action) have often the implicit goal of achieving balance among groups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Hussein Mozannar , Mesrob I. Ohannessian , Nathan Srebro

The proliferation of algorithmic systems has fueled discussions surrounding the regulation and control of their social impact. Herein, we consider a system whose primary objective is to maximize utility by selecting the most qualified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hamidreza Montaseri , Amin Gohari

We study the problem of selecting the top-k candidates from a pool of applicants, where each candidate is associated with a score indicating his/her aptitude. Depending on the specific scenario, such as job search or college admissions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Giorgio Barnabo' , Carlos Castillo , Michael Mathioudakis , Sergio Celis

Realistically -- and equitably -- modeling the dynamics of group-level disparities in machine learning remains an open problem. In particular, we desire models that do not suppose inherent differences between artificial groups of people --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Reilly Raab , Yang Liu

Group fairness is achieved by equalising prediction distributions between protected sub-populations; individual fairness requires treating similar individuals alike. These two objectives, however, are incompatible when a scoring model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Edward A. Small , Kacper Sokol , Daniel Manning , Flora D. Salim , Jeffrey Chan

Fairness has emerged as an important concern in automated decision-making in recent years, especially when these decisions affect human welfare. In this work, we study fairness in temporally extended decision-making settings, specifically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Ganesh Ghalme , Vineet Nair , Vishakha Patil , Yilun Zhou

Meritocratic systems, from admissions to hiring, aim to impartially reward skill and effort. Yet persistent disparities across race, gender, and class challenge this ideal. Some attribute these gaps to structural inequality; others to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-18 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Milind Sohoni , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

We study the role of correlation in matching markets, where multiple decision-makers simultaneously face selection problems from the same pool of candidates. We propose a model in which a candidate's priority scores across different…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Rémi Castera , Patrick Loiseau , Bary S. R. Pradelski

Algorithmic fairness has gained prominence due to societal and regulatory concerns about biases in Machine Learning models. Common group fairness metrics like Equalized Odds for classification or Demographic Parity for both classification…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 François HU , Philipp Ratz , Arthur Charpentier

Humanity has been fascinated by the pursuit of fortune since time immemorial, and many successful outcomes benefit from strokes of luck. But success is subject to complexity, uncertainty, and change - and at times becoming increasingly…

General Economics · Economics 2019-04-19 Didier Sornette , Spencer Wheatley , Peter Cauwels

What happens if selective colleges change their admission policies? We study this question by analyzing the world's first implementation of nationally centralized meritocratic admissions in the early twentieth century. We find a persistent…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-06 Chiaki Moriguchi , Yusuke Narita , Mari Tanaka