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Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems exhibit the best performance on speech that is similar to that on which it was trained. As such, underrepresented varieties including regional dialects, minority-speakers, and low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Emma O'Neill , Julie Carson-Berndsen

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has significantly advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but such signals remain coarse, offering only binary correctness feedback. This limitation often results in inefficiencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Peixuan Han , Adit Krishnan , Gerald Friedland , Jiaxuan You , Chris Kong

This paper introduces Latent Relational Analysis (LRA), a method for measuring semantic similarity. LRA measures similarity in the semantic relations between two pairs of words. When two pairs have a high degree of relational similarity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Peter D. Turney

As qualitative researchers show growing interest in using automated tools to support interpretive analysis, a large language model (LLM) is often introduced into an analytic workflow as is, without systematic evaluation of interpretive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Songhee Han , Jueun Shin , Jiyoon Han , Bung-Woo Jun , Hilal Ayan Karabatman

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has brought a critical need for high-quality human-labeled data, particularly for processes like human feedback and evaluation. A common practice is to label data via consensus annotation over human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Manya Wadhwa , Jifan Chen , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) achieves robust speech recognition in noisy environments by combining auditory and visual information. However, recent Large Language Model (LLM) based AVSR systems incur high computational costs due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jeong Hun Yeo , Hyeongseop Rha , Se Jin Park , Yong Man Ro

Strategic model selection and reasoning settings are more effective than ensembling for optimizing automated scoring with large language models (LLMs). We examined self-consistency (intra-model majority voting) and reasoning effort for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Scott Frohn

Measuring automatic speech recognition (ASR) system quality is critical for creating user-satisfying voice-driven applications. Word Error Rate (WER) has been traditionally used to evaluate ASR system quality; however, it sometimes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Suyoun Kim , Duc Le , Weiyi Zheng , Tarun Singh , Abhinav Arora , Xiaoyu Zhai , Christian Fuegen , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

LLMs can estimate Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores from speech in a zero-shot manner, but clinical deployment requires reliability across three dimensions: intra-model consistency, ASR robustness, and evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Erfan Loweimi , Sofia de la Fuente Garcia , Samira Loveymi , Hadi Daneshvar , Saturnino Luz

Offering a promising solution to the scalability challenges associated with human evaluation, the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm is rapidly gaining traction as an approach to evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, there are still many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aman Singh Thakur , Kartik Choudhary , Venkat Srinik Ramayapally , Sankaran Vaidyanathan , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in both industry and academia for various tasks, yet evaluating the consistency of generated text responses continues to be a challenge. Traditional metrics like ROUGE and BLEU show a weak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 P Aditya Sreekar , Sahil Verma , Suransh Chopra , Sarik Ghazarian , Abhishek Persad , Narayanan Sadagopan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at general tasks but underperform in specialized domains like economics and psychology, which require deep, principled understanding. To address this, we introduce ACER (Automated Curriculum-Enhanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nishit Neema , Srinjoy Mukherjee , Sapan Shah , Gokul Ramakrishnan , Ganesh Venkatesh

Despite the growing promise of large language models (LLMs) in automated essay scoring (AES), empirical findings regarding their reliability compared to human raters remain mixed. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we synthesized 65…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hongli Li , Che Han Chen , Kevin Fan , Chiho Young-Johnson , Soyoung Lim , Yali Feng

We study whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform feature model analysis operations (AOs) directly on semi-formal textual blueprints, i.e., concise constrained-language descriptions of feature hierarchies and constraints, enabling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Viet-Man Le , Thi Ngoc Trang Tran , Sebastian Lubos , Alexander Felfernig , Damian Garber

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in Automated Essay Scoring (AES), but their zero-shot and few-shot performance often falls short compared to state-of-the-art models and human raters. However, fine-tuning LLMs for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Seungju Kim , Meounggun Jo

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

Large language models (LLMs), renowned for their powerful conversational abilities, are widely recognized as exceptional tools in the field of education, particularly in the context of automated intelligent instruction systems for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kaiqi Fu , Linkai Peng , Nan Yang , Shuran Zhou

Automatic assessment of reading fluency using automatic speech recognition (ASR) holds great potential for early detection of reading difficulties and subsequent timely intervention. Precise assessment tools are required, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Bo Molenaar , Cristian Tejedor-Garcia , Helmer Strik , Catia Cucchiarini

While large language models (LLMs) have been used for automated grading, they have not yet achieved the same level of performance as humans, especially when it comes to grading complex questions. Existing research on this topic focuses on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Wenjing Xie , Juxin Niu , Chun Jason Xue , Nan Guan

Although automated metrics are commonly used to evaluate NLG systems, they often correlate poorly with human judgements. Newer metrics such as BERTScore have addressed many weaknesses in prior metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Soroush Vosoughi