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Quantum computing relies on quantum error correction for high-fidelity logical operations, but scaling to achieve near-term quantum utility is highly resource-intensive. High-rate quantum LDPC codes can reduce error correction overhead, yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Laura Pecorari , Francesco Paolo Guerci , Hugo Perrin , Guido Pupillo

One of the leading quantum computing architectures is based on the two-dimensional (2D) surface code. This code has many advantageous properties such as a high error threshold and a planar layout of physical qubits where each physical qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-06 Michael Vasmer , Dan E. Browne

A fundamental problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation with quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes is the tradeoff between connectivity and universality. It is widely believed that in order to perform native logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Guanyu Zhu , Ryohei Kobayashi , Po-Shen Hsin

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising approach for realizing low-overhead logical quantum memories. Recent theoretical developments have established shift automorphisms as a fundamental building block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Younghun Kim , Spiro Gicev , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

We present a fault-tolerant universal gate set consisting of Hadamard and controlled-controlled-Z (CCZ) on Bacon-Shor subsystem codes. Transversal non-Clifford gates on these codes are intriguing in that higher levels of the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-05 Theodore J. Yoder

Code-switching offers a route to universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation by circumventing the limitation implied by the Eastin-Knill theorem against a universal transversal gate set within a single quantum code. Here, we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Shixin Wu , Dawei Zhong , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

Qudits offer significant advantages over qubit-based architectures, including more efficient gate compilation, reduced resource requirements, improved error-correction primitives, and enhanced capabilities for quantum communication and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Daniel J. Spencer , Andrew Tanggara , Tobias Haug , Derek Khu , Kishor Bharti

Utility-scale quantum computing requires quantum error correction (QEC) to protect quantum information against noise. Currently, superconducting hardware is a promising candidate for achieving fault tolerance due to its fast gate times and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 György P. Gehér , David Byfield , Archibald Ruban

The preparation of high-fidelity non-Clifford (magic) states is an essential subroutine for universal quantum computation, but imposes substantial space-time overhead. Magic state factories based on high rate and distance quantum…

Quantum error correction is critical to the design and manufacture of scalable quantum computing systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in quantum low-density parity-check codes as a resource-efficient alternative to surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Boren Gu , Andy Zeyi Liu , Armanda O. Quintavalle , Qian Xu , Jens Eisert , Joschka Roffe

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. However, the fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations make building large-scale,…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for practical realization of fault-tolerant quantum computing, and recently proposed families of quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) code are prime candidates for advanced QEC hardware…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Nithin Raveendran , David Declercq , Bane Vasić

Topological color codes are widely acknowledged as promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Neither a two-dimensional nor a three-dimensional topology, however, can provide a universal gate set $\{$H, T, CNOT$\}$, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Friederike Butt , Sascha Heußen , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

It is a major challenge to construct good quantum codes supporting fault-tolerant (e.g. transversal) non-Clifford gates with low-weight parity-check measurements. In this paper, we construct the first known quantum codes with linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Louis Golowich , Venkatesan Guruswami

We use the recently introduced lifted product to construct a family of Quantum Low Density Parity Check Codes (QLDPC codes). The codes we obtain can be viewed as stacks of surface codes that are interconnected, leading to the name…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Transversal gates play a crucial role in suppressing error propagation in fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet they are intrinsically constrained: any nontrivial code encoding a single logical qubit admits only a finite subgroup of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Chao Zhang , Zipeng Wu , Shilin Huang , Bei Zeng

A fundamental problem in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the tradeoff between universality and dimensionality, exemplified by the the Bravyi-K\"onig bound for $n$-dimensional topological stabilizer codes. In this work, we extend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu , Po-Shen Hsin