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Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

Software testing has progressed toward intelligent automation, yet current AI-based test generators still suffer from static, single-shot outputs that frequently produce invalid, redundant, or non-executable tests due to the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Saba Naqvi , Mohammad Baqar , Nawaz Ali Mohammad

Text-to-image generation has advanced rapidly, but existing models still struggle with faithfully composing multiple objects and preserving their attributes in complex scenes. We propose coDrawAgents, an interactive multi-agent dialogue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chunhan Li , Qifeng Wu , Jia-Hui Pan , Ka-Hei Hui , Jingyu Hu , Yuming Jiang , Bin Sheng , Xihui Liu , Wenjuan Gong , Zhengzhe Liu

This study investigates the optimization of Generative AI (GenAI) systems through human feedback, focusing on how varying feedback mechanisms influence the quality of GenAI outputs. We devised a Human-AI training loop where 32 students,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Sherson , Florent Vinchon

Large language models (LLMs) typically operate in a question-answering paradigm, where the quality of the input prompt critically affects the response. Automated Prompt Optimization (APO) aims to overcome the cognitive biases of manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jian Zhang , Zhangqi Wang , Haiping Zhu , Kangda Cheng , Kai He , Bo Li , Qika Lin , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

In the dynamic landscape of Industry 4.0, achieving efficiency, precision, and adaptability is essential to optimize manufacturing operations. Industries suffer due to supply chain disruptions caused by anomalies, which are being detected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chathurangi Shyalika , Renjith Prasad , Alaa Al Ghazo , Darssan Eswaramoorthi , Harleen Kaur , Sara Shree Muthuselvam , Amit Sheth

Prompt engineering is a challenging yet crucial task for optimizing the performance of large language models on customized tasks. It requires complex reasoning to examine the model's errors, hypothesize what is missing or misleading in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Qinyuan Ye , Maxamed Axmed , Reid Pryzant , Fereshte Khani

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Text-to-image generation has become increasingly popular, but achieving the desired images often requires extensive prompt engineering. In this paper, we explore how to decode textual prompts from reference images, a process we refer to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhiyao Ren , Yibing Zhan , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

Data augmentation is crucial for pixel-wise annotation tasks like semantic segmentation, where labeling requires significant effort and intensive labor. Traditional methods, involving simple transformations such as rotations and flips,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Quang-Huy Che , Duc-Tri Le , Bich-Nga Pham , Duc-Khai Lam , Vinh-Tiep Nguyen

Most prompt-optimization methods refine a single static template, making them ineffective in complex and dynamic user scenarios. Existing query-dependent approaches rely on unstable textual feedback or black-box reward models, providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Ke Chen , Yifeng Wang , Hassan Almosapeeh , Haohan Wang

Prompt engineering has proven to be a crucial step in leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) in solving various real-world tasks. Numerous solutions have been proposed that seek to automate prompt engineering by using the model…

Diffusion models have emerged as the leading approach for text-to-image generation. However, their iterative sampling process, which gradually morphs random noise into coherent images, introduces significant latency that limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Peijie Qiu , Hariharan Ramshankar , Arnau Ramisa , René Vidal , Amit Kumar K C , Vamsi Salaka , Rahul Bhagat

Despite significant progress in the field, it is still challenging to create personalized visual representations that align closely with the desires and preferences of individual users. This process requires users to articulate their ideas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zijie Chen , Lichao Zhang , Fangsheng Weng , Lili Pan , Zhenzhong Lan

Text-to-image generative models have made significant advancements in recent years; however, accurately capturing intricate details in textual prompts-such as entity missing, attribute binding errors, and incorrect relationships remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Amir Mohammad Izadi , Seyed Mohammad Hadi Hosseini , Soroush Vafaie Tabar , Ali Abdollahi , Armin Saghafian , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

For text-to-image generation, automatically refining user-provided natural language prompts into the keyword-enriched prompts favored by systems is essential for the user experience. Such a prompt refinement process is analogous to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Yingwei Pan , Ting Yao , Jiaxin Mao , Shaoping Ma , Tao Mei

Text-guided image inpainting endeavors to generate new content within specified regions of images using textual prompts from users. The primary challenge is to accurately align the inpainted areas with the user-provided prompts while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chao Gong , Dong Li , Yingwei Pan , Jingjing Chen , Ting Yao , Tao Mei

Large-scale text-to-image generative models have been a ground-breaking development in generative AI, with diffusion models showing their astounding ability to synthesize convincing images following an input text prompt. The goal of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Kai Wang , Fei Yang , Shiqi Yang , Muhammad Atif Butt , Joost van de Weijer

Visual prompt tuning (VPT) is a promising solution incorporating learnable prompt tokens to customize pre-trained models for downstream tasks. However, VPT and its variants often encounter challenges like prompt initialization, prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuzhu Wang , Lechao Cheng , Chaowei Fang , Dingwen Zhang , Manni Duan , Meng Wang

Large-scale multimodal generative modeling has created milestones in text-to-image and text-to-video generation. Its application to audio still lags behind for two main reasons: the lack of large-scale datasets with high-quality text-audio…