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Non-Hermitian systems exhibit diverse graph patterns of energy spectra under open boundary conditions. Here we present an algebraic framework to comprehensively characterize the spectral geometry and graph topology of non-Bloch bands. Using…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Yuncheng Xiong , Haiping Hu

We study the skin effect in a one-dimensional system of finitely many subwavelength resonators with a non-Hermitian imaginary gauge potential. Using Toeplitz matrix theory, we prove the condensation of bulk eigenmodes at one of the edges of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Habib Ammari , Silvio Barandun , Jinghao Cao , Bryn Davies , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen

We revisit the problem of classifying topological band structures in non-Hermitian systems. Recently, a solution has been proposed, which is based on redefining the notion of energy band gap in two different ways, leading to the so-called…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Charles C. Wojcik , Xiao-Qi Sun , Tomáš Bzdušek , Shanhui Fan

We investigate gap-closings in one- and two-dimensional tight-binding models with two bands, containing non-Hermitian hopping terms, and open boundary conditions (OBCs) imposed along one direction. We compare the bulk OBC spectra with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Ipsita Mandal

Topological phases of noninteracting particles are distinguished by global properties of their band structure and eigenfunctions in momentum space. On the other hand, group theory as conventionally applied to solid-state physics focuses…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-08-30 M. G. Vergniory , L. Elcoro , Zhijun Wang , Jennifer Cano , C. Felser , M. I. Aroyo , B. Andrei Bernevig , Barry Bradlyn

Unlike Hermitian systems, non-Hermitian energy spectra under periodic boundary conditions can form closed loops in the complex energy plane, a phenomenon known as point gap topology. In this paper, we investigate the self-intersection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Jinghui Pi , Chenyang Wang , Yong-Chun Liu , Yangqian Yan

Topological semimetals are under intensive theoretical and experimental studies. The first step of these studies is always the theoretical (numerical) predication of one of several candidate materials, starting from first principles. In…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-18 Zhida Song , Tiantian Zhang , Chen Fang

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) is a hallmark of non-Hermitian system, yet its generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) description is restricted to periodic systems. We develop a site-resolved theory via a local scaling transformation (LST),…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Chen-Hao Zhao , Jia-Rui Li , Yuping Tian , Wei-Jiang Gong

Expansive open Fermi arcs covering most of the surface Brillouin zone (SBZ) are desirable for detection and control of many topological phenomena, but so far has been only reported for Kramers-Weyl points, or unconventional chiral fermions,…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-09 Lin-Lin Wang

Topological phases of Hermitian systems are known to exhibit intriguing properties such as the presence of robust boundary states and the famed bulk-boundary correspondence. These features can change drastically for their non-Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-01 Flore K. Kunst , Vatsal Dwivedi

Non-Hermitian quantum systems exhibit various interesting and inter-connected spectral, topological, and boundary-sensitive features. By introducing conditional boundary conditions (CBCs) for non-Hermitian quantum systems, we explore a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Yongxu Fu , Yi Zhang

The link between chemical orbitals described by local degrees of freedom and band theory, which is defined in momentum space, was proposed by Zak several decades ago for spinless systems with and without time-reversal in his theory of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-19 Jennifer Cano , Barry Bradlyn , Zhijun Wang , L. Elcoro , M. G. Vergniory , C. Felser , M. I. Aroyo , B. Andrei Bernevig

The synergy between non-Hermitian concepts and topological ideas have led to very fruitful activity in the recent years. Their interplay has resulted in a wide variety of new non-Hermitian topological phenomena being discovered. In this…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Ayan Banerjee , Ronika Sarkar , Soumi Dey , Awadhesh Narayan

We study the emergence of non-Hermitian band topology in a two-dimensional metal with planar spiral magnetism due to a momentum-dependent relaxation rate. A sufficiently strong momentum dependence of the relaxation rate leads to exceptional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-11-17 Johannes Mitscherling , Walter Metzner

The non-Hermitian skin effect dramatically reshapes the energy bands of non-Hermitian systems, meaning that the usual Bloch band theory is fundamentally inadequate as their characterization. The non-Bloch band theory, in which the concept…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Hong-Yi Wang , Fei Song , Zhong Wang

Recently, it was discovered that certain non-Hermitian systems can exhibit qualitative different properties at different system sizes, such as being gapless at small sizes and having topological edge modes at large sizes $L$. This dramatic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-27 Fang Qin , Ye Ma , Ruizhe Shen , Ching Hua Lee

We show topological configurations of the complex-valued spectra in gapped non-Hermitian systems. These arise when the distinctive EPs in the energy Riemann sheets of such models are annihilated after threading them across the boundary of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Anton Montag , Alexander Felski , Flore K. Kunst

We develop the topological band theory for systems described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, whose energy spectra are generally complex. After generalizing the notion of gapped band structures to the non-Hermitian case, we classify "gapped"…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Huitao Shen , Bo Zhen , Liang Fu

The complex energy bands of non-Hermitian systems braid in momentum space even in one dimension. Here, we reveal that the non-Hermitian braiding underlies the Hermitian topological physics with chiral symmetry under a general framework that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 W. B. Rui , Y. X. Zhao , Z. D. Wang

We present a pedagogical review of the periodically driven non-Hermitian systems, particularly on the rich interplay between the non-Hermitian skin effect and the topology. We start by reviewing the non-Bloch band theory of the static…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-28 Xiang Ji , Xiaosen Yang