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We propose an efficient design of Transformer-based models for multivariate time series forecasting and self-supervised representation learning. It is based on two key components: (i) segmentation of time series into subseries-level patches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yuqi Nie , Nam H. Nguyen , Phanwadee Sinthong , Jayant Kalagnanam

Accurate forecasting of multivariate time series remains challenging due to the need to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-range temporal dependencies. Transformer-based models have emerged as a powerful approach, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aymane Harkati , Moncef Garouani , Olivier Teste , Julien Aligon , Mohamed Hamlich

Multivariate long-term time series forecasting aims to predict future sequences by utilizing historical observations, with a core focus on modeling intra-sequence and cross-channel dependencies. Numerous studies have developed diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gaoxiang Zhao , Chunmao Huang , Li Zhou , Xiaoqiang Wang

Spatiotemporal time series forecasting plays a key role in a wide range of real-world applications. While significant progress has been made in this area, fully capturing and leveraging spatiotemporal heterogeneity remains a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Zheng Dong , Renhe Jiang , Haotian Gao , Hangchen Liu , Jinliang Deng , Qingsong Wen , Xuan Song

Time series forecasting is prevalent in extensive real-world applications, such as financial analysis and energy planning. Previous studies primarily focus on time series modality, endeavoring to capture the intricate variations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiaxiang Dong , Haixu Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Li Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Traffic flow forecasting is a crucial task in transportation management and planning. The main challenges for traffic flow forecasting are that (1) as the length of prediction time increases, the accuracy of prediction will decrease; (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Jianli Xiao , Baichao Long

Multivariate time series forecasting, which analyzes historical time series to predict future trends, can effectively help decision-making. Complex relations among variables in MTS, including static, dynamic, predictable, and latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yueyang Wang , Ziheng Duan , Yida Huang , Haoyan Xu , Jie Feng , Anni Ren

In this work we propose for the first time a transformer-based framework for unsupervised representation learning of multivariate time series. Pre-trained models can be potentially used for downstream tasks such as regression and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 George Zerveas , Srideepika Jayaraman , Dhaval Patel , Anuradha Bhamidipaty , Carsten Eickhoff

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Patch-wise Transformer based time series forecasting achieves superior accuracy. However, this superiority relies heavily on intricate model design with massive parameters, rendering both training and inference expensive, thus preventing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Meng Wang , Jintao Yang , Bin Yang , Hui Li , Tongxin Gong , Bo Yang , Jiangtao Cui

Multivariate time series forecasting focuses on predicting future values based on historical context. State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models rely on neural attention between timesteps, which allows for temporal learning but fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jake Grigsby , Zhe Wang , Nam Nguyen , Yanjun Qi

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) plays a vital role in a wide range of real-world applications, such as weather prediction and traffic flow forecasting. Although recent advances have significantly improved the modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Beiliang Wu , Peiyuan Liu , Yifan Hu , Luyan Zhang , Ao Hu , Zenglin Xu

Transformers have recently gained popularity in time series forecasting due to their ability to capture long-term dependencies. However, many existing models focus only on capturing temporal dependencies while omitting intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Donghwa Shin , Edwin Zhang

Time position embeddings capture the positional information of time steps, often serving as auxiliary inputs to enhance the predictive capabilities of time series models. However, existing models exhibit limitations in capturing intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xiaobao Song , Hao Wang , Liwei Deng , Yuxin He , Wenming Cao , Chi-Sing Leungc

Transformer-based models have shown strong performance in time-series forecasting by leveraging self-attention to model long-range temporal dependencies. However, their effectiveness depends critically on the quality and structure of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Saurish Nagrath , Saroj Kumar Panigrahy

Time series forecasting is a critical and challenging task in practical application. Recent advancements in pre-trained foundation models for time series forecasting have gained significant interest. However, current methods often overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Shubao Zhao , Ming Jin , Zhaoxiang Hou , Chengyi Yang , Zengxiang Li , Qingsong Wen , Yi Wang

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) seeks to model temporal dynamics among variables to predict future trends. Transformer-based models and large language models (LLMs) have shown promise due to their ability to capture long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Abdul Monaf Chowdhury , Rabeya Akter , Safaeid Hossain Arib

Transformer-based architectures dominate time series modeling by enabling global attention over all timestamps, yet their rigid 'one-size-fits-all' context aggregation fails to address two critical challenges in real-world data: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaowen Ma , Shuning Ge , Fan Yang , Xiangyu Li , Yun Chen , Mengting Ma , Wei Zhang , Zhipeng Liu

Time series analysis faces significant challenges in handling variable-length data and achieving robust generalization. While Transformer-based models have advanced time series tasks, they often struggle with feature redundancy and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kai Zhang , Siming Sun , Zhengyu Fan , Qinmin Yang , Xuejun Jiang

Time series data is a key element of big data analytics, commonly found in domains such as finance, healthcare, climate forecasting, and transportation. In large scale real world settings, such data is often high dimensional and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Younghwi Kim , Dohee Kim , Joongrock Kim , Sunghyun Sim