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In directed graphs, a cycle can be seen as a structure that allows its vertices to loop back to themselves, or as a structure that allows pairs of vertices to reach each other through distinct paths. We extend these concepts to temporal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Davi de Andrade , Júlio Araújo , Allen Ibiapina , Andrea Marino , Jason Schoeters , Ana Silva

We give an expression for the solution to propagator-type Dyson-Schwinger equations with one primitive at 1 loop as an expansion over rooted connected chord diagrams. Along the way we give a refinement of a classical recurrence of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-22 Nicolas Marie , Karen Yeats

Analyzing the geometry of correlation sets constrained by general causal structures is of paramount importance for foundational and quantum technology research. Addressing this task is generally challenging, prompting the development of…

Source detection (SD) is the task of finding the origin of a spreading process in a network. Algorithms for SD help us combat diseases, misinformation, pollution, and more, and have been studied by physicians, physicists, sociologists, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ben Bals , Michelle Döring , Nicolas Klodt , George Skretas

Causal theory is now widely developed with many applications to medicine and public health. However within the discipline of reliability, although causation is a key concept in this field, there has been much less theoretical attention. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Xuewen Yu , Jim Q. Smith , Linda Nichols

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

In outlier hypothesis testing, one aims to detect outlying sequences among a given set of sequences, where most sequences are generated i.i.d. from a nominal distribution while outlying sequences (outliers) are generated i.i.d. from a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Lina Zhu , Lin Zhou

We study a generic family of nonlinear dynamics on undirected networks generalising linear consensus. We find a compact expression for its equilibrium points in terms of the topology of the network and classify their stability using the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Marc Homs-Dones , Karel Devriendt , Renaud Lambiotte

Outlier detection is an inevitable step to most statistical data analyses. However, the mere detection of an outlying case does not always answer all scientific questions associated with that data point. Outlier detection techniques,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-12 Michiel Debruyne , Sebastiaan Höppner , Sven Serneels , Tim Verdonck

We study Granger causality in the context of wide-sense stationary time series, where our focus is on the topological aspects of the underlying causality graph. We establish sufficient conditions (in particular, we develop the notion of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-19 R. J. Kinnear , R. R. Mazumdar

Many important problems can be formulated as reasoning in knowledge graphs. Representation learning has proved extremely effective for transductive reasoning, in which one needs to make new predictions for already observed entities. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Marjan Albooyeh , Rishab Goel , Seyed Mehran Kazemi

It is common practice of the outlier mining community to repurpose classification datasets toward evaluating various detection models. To that end, often a binary classification dataset is used, where samples from one of the classes is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

In this paper, we use theory of rough set to study graphs using the concept of orbits. We investigate the indiscernibility partitions and approximations of graphs induced by orbits of graphs. We also study rough membership functions,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Imran Javaid , Shahroz Ali , Shahid Ur Rehman , Aqsa Shah

Several natural and theoretical networks can be broken down into smaller portions, or subgraphs corresponding to neighborhoods. The more frequent of these neighborhoods can then be understood as motifs of the network, being therefore…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-21 Guilherme S. Domingues , Eric K. Tokuda , Luciano da F. Costa

We present a general method for obtaining the spectra of large graphs with short cycles using ideas from statistical mechanics of disordered systems. This approach leads to an algorithm that determines the spectra of graphs up to a high…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-01-12 D. Bollé , F. L. Metz , I. Neri

A key question in many network studies is whether the observed correlations between units are primarily due to contagion or latent confounding. Here, we study this question using a segregated graph (Shpitser, 2015) representation of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yufeng Wu , Rohit Bhattacharya

We study causal inference in a multi-environment setting, in which the functional relations for producing the variables from their direct causes remain the same across environments, while the distribution of exogenous noises may vary. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-29 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

The long-standing identification problem for causal effects in graphical models has many partial results but lacks a systematic study. We show how computer algebra can be used to either prove that a causal effect can be identified,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-07-23 Luis David García-Puente , Sarah Spielvogel , Seth Sullivant

The spread of infectious disease in a human community or the proliferation of fake news on social media can be modeled as a randomly growing tree-shaped graph. The history of the random growth process is often unobserved but contains…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Harry Crane , Min Xu

We make connections of a counting problem of Eulerian cycles for undirected graphs to homological spectral graph theory, and formulate explicitly a trace formula that identifies the number of Eulerian circuits on an Eulerian graph with the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Ye Luo