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Ensuring the reliability and verifiability of large language model (LLM)-enabled systems remains a significant challenge in software engineering. We propose a probabilistic framework for systematically analyzing and improving these systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Juan Manuel Baldonado , Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Víctor Adrián Braberman

Feature Transformation is crucial for classic machine learning that aims to generate feature combinations to enhance the performance of downstream tasks from a data-centric perspective. Current methodologies, such as manual expert-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianqi He , Xiaohan Huang , Yi Du , Qingqing Long , Ziyue Qiao , Min Wu , Yanjie Fu , Yuanchun Zhou , Meng Xiao

Personalized federated learning algorithms have shown promising results in adapting models to various distribution shifts. However, most of these methods require labeled data on testing clients for personalization, which is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wenxuan Bao , Tianxin Wei , Haohan Wang , Jingrui He

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) aims to ensure their outputs adhere to human values, ethical standards, and legal norms. Traditional alignment methods often rely on resource-intensive fine-tuning (FT), which may suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Birong Pan , Yongqi Li , Weiyu Zhang , Wenpeng Lu , Mayi Xu , Shen Zhou , Yuanyuan Zhu , Ming Zhong , Tieyun Qian

With the proliferation of data across various domains, there is a critical demand for tools that enable non-experts to derive meaningful insights without deep data analysis skills. To address this need, existing automatic fact sheet…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Minh Duc Vu , Jieshan Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Qinghua Lu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) deals with the development of computer programs being able to show that some conjectures (queries) are a logical consequence of a set of axioms (facts and rules). There exists several successful ATPs where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Gabriele Picco , Hoang Thanh Lam , Marco Luca Sbodio , Vanessa Lopez Garcia

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement…

Early-stage specifications of safety-critical systems are typically expressed in natural language, making it difficult to derive formal properties suitable for verification and needed to guarantee safety. While recent Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alberto Tagliaferro , Bruno Guindani , Livia Lestingi , Matteo Rossi

As distance learning becomes increasingly important and artificial intelligence tools continue to advance, automated systems for individual learning have attracted significant attention. However, the scarcity of open-source online tools…

The existing Text-to-SQL models suffer from a shortage of training data, inhibiting their ability to fully facilitate the applications of SQL queries in new domains. To address this challenge, various data synthesis techniques have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shenyang Liu , Saleh Almohaimeed , Liqiang Wang

The integration of tools has extended the capabilities of language models (LMs) beyond vanilla text generation to versatile scenarios. However, tool-augmented language models (TaLMs) often assume 'perfect' information access and tool…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Eduardo Treviño , Hugo Contant , James Ngai , Graham Neubig , Zora Zhiruo Wang

This paper proposes a natural language translation method for machine-verifiable formal proofs that leverages the informalization (verbalization of formal language proof steps) and summarization capabilities of LLMs. For evaluation, it was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Seiji Hattori , Takuya Matsuzaki , Makoto Fujiwara

Large language models have become proficient at generating functional code, but ensuring the output truly matches the programmer's intent remains difficult. Testing improves trust, yet for safety-critical applications, formal verification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mantas Baksys , Stefan Zetzsche , Olivier Bouissou , Remi Delmas , Soonho Kong , Sean B. Holden

Training LLMs to invoke tools and leverage retrieved information necessitates high-quality, diverse data. However, existing pipelines for synthetic data generation often rely on tens of thousands of real API calls to enhance generalization,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hao Chen , Zhexin Hu , Jiajun Chai , Haocheng Yang , Hang He , Xiaohan Wang , Wei Lin , Luhang Wang , Guojun Yin , Zhuofeng zhao

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have contributed to the development of automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems that can correct grammatical errors. However, while these systems are effective at improving text, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Steven Coyne , Diana Galvan-Sosa , Ryan Spring , Camélia Guerraoui , Michael Zock , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Inspired by the \emph{Well-initialized Lottery Ticket Hypothesis (WLTH)}, we introduce Soft-Transformer (Soft-TF), a parameter-efficient framework for continual learning that leverages soft, real-valued subnetworks over a frozen pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Haeyong Kang , Chang D. Yoo

Foundation models encode rich representations that can be adapted to downstream tasks by fine-tuning. However, fine-tuning a model on one data distribution often degrades performance under distribution shifts. Current approaches to robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Caroline Choi , Yoonho Lee , Annie Chen , Allan Zhou , Aditi Raghunathan , Chelsea Finn

The success of AI assistants based on Language Models (LLMs) hinges on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to comprehend and align with user intentions. However, traditional alignment algorithms, such as PPO, are hampered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Songyang Gao , Qiming Ge , Wei Shen , Shihan Dou , Junjie Ye , Xiao Wang , Rui Zheng , Yicheng Zou , Zhi Chen , Hang Yan , Qi Zhang , Dahua Lin

Although post-training quantization (PTQ) provides an efficient numerical compression scheme for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices, the representativeness and universality of calibration data remain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haiyang Xiao , Weiqing Li , Jinyue Guo , Guochao Jiang , Guohua Liu , Yuewei Zhang

Recent work has shown that integrating large language models (LLMs) with theorem provers (TPs) in neuro-symbolic pipelines helps with entailment verification and proof-guided refinement of explanations for natural language inference (NLI).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas