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Cross encoders (CEs) are trained with sentence pairs to detect relatedness. As CEs require sentence pairs at inference, the prevailing view is that they can only be used as re-rankers in information retrieval pipelines. Dual encoders (DEs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Haritha Ananthakrishnan , Julian Dolby , Harsha Kokel , Horst Samulowitz , Kavitha Srinivas

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

In large scale e-commerce marketplaces, duplicate product listings frequently cause consumer confusion and operational inefficiencies, degrading trust on the platform and increasing costs. Traditional keyword-based search methodologies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aysenur Kulunk , Berk Taskin , M. Furkan Eseoglu , H. Bahadir Sahin

Performant vision-language (VL) models like CLIP represent captions using a single vector. How much information about language is lost in this bottleneck? We first curate CompPrompts, a set of increasingly compositional image captions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang

Learned image compression (LIC) has achieved remarkable coding efficiency, where entropy modeling plays a pivotal role in minimizing bitrate through informative priors. Existing methods predominantly exploit internal contexts within the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Haoxuan Xiong , Yuanyuan Xu , Kun Zhu , Yiming Wang , Baoliu Ye

Latency-critical computer vision systems, such as autonomous driving or drone control, require fast image or video compression when offloading neural network inference to a remote computer. To ensure low latency on a near-sensor edge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Jakub Žádník , Markku Mäkitalo , Pekka Jääskeläinen

Always-on edge cameras generate continuous video streams where redundant frames degrade cross-modal retrieval by crowding correct results out of top-k search. This paper presents a streaming retrieval architecture: an on-device epsilon-net…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sherif Abdelwahab

Unlike traditional fact-based retrieval, rationale-based retrieval typically necessitates cross-encoding of query-document pairs using large language models, incurring substantial computational costs. To address this limitation, we propose…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Teng Chen , Sheng Xu , Feixiang Guo , Xiaoyu Wang , Qingqing Gu , Hongyan Li , Luo Ji

This paper introduces an efficient patch-based computational module, coined Entropy-based Patch Encoder (EPE) module, for resource-constrained semantic segmentation. The EPE module consists of three lightweight fully-convolutional encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Lusine Abrahamyan , Nikos Deligiannis

The use of high-dimensional features has become a normal practice in many computer vision applications. The large dimension of these features is a limiting factor upon the number of data points which may be effectively stored and processed,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Sakrapee Paisitkriangkrai , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Recently, CLIP has become an important model for aligning images and text in multi-modal contexts. However, researchers have identified limitations in the ability of CLIP's text and image encoders to extract detailed knowledge from pairs of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Kuei-Chun Kao

Contrastive language-image pre-training aligns the features of text-image pairs in a common latent space via distinct encoders for each modality. While this approach achieves impressive performance in several zero-shot tasks, it cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Christian Schlarmann , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion , Matthias Hein

We propose DiffCLIP, a novel vision-language model that extends the differential attention mechanism to CLIP architectures. Differential attention was originally developed for large language models to amplify relevant context while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Bernard Ghanem

In this paper, we propose a novel, effective and simpler end-to-end image clustering auto-encoder algorithm: ICAE. The algorithm uses PEDCC (Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids) as the clustering centers, which ensures the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Qiuyu Zhu , Zhengyong Wang

In this work, we propose aligning pretrained visual encoders to serve as tokenizers for latent diffusion models in image generation. Unlike training a variational autoencoder (VAE) from scratch, which primarily emphasizes low-level details,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bowei Chen , Sai Bi , Hao Tan , He Zhang , Tianyuan Zhang , Zhengqi Li , Yuanjun Xiong , Jianming Zhang , Kai Zhang

Discrete image tokenizers encode visual inputs as sequences of tokens from a finite vocabulary and are gaining popularity in multimodal systems, including encoder-only, encoder-decoder, and decoder-only models. However, unlike CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Irina Rish , Nicolas Flammarion , Francesco Croce

Recent methods have made notable progress in accelerating Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) by exploiting the inherent redundancy in visual inputs. Most existing approaches, however, focus narrowly on reducing image tokens before or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lianyu Hu , Liqing Gao , Fanhua Shang , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

Crowd counting has recently attracted increasing interest in computer vision but remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a trellis encoder-decoder network (TEDnet) for crowd counting, which focuses on generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Xiaolong Jiang , Zehao Xiao , Baochang Zhang , Xiantong Zhen , Xianbin Cao , David Doermann , Ling Shao

Modern image captioning models are usually trained with text similarity objectives. However, since reference captions in public datasets often describe the most salient common objects, models trained with text similarity objectives tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jaemin Cho , Seunghyun Yoon , Ajinkya Kale , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

With hundreds of thousands of language models available on Huggingface today, efficiently evaluating and utilizing these models across various downstream, tasks has become increasingly critical. Many existing methods repeatedly learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Richard Zhuang , Tianhao Wu , Zhaojin Wen , Andrew Li , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramchandran