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Quantum computing promises to solve some important problems faster than conventional computations ever could. Currently available NISQ devices on which first practical applications are already executed demonstrate the potential -- with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Robert Wille , Stefan Hillmich , Lukas Burgholzer

Efficiently simulating quantum circuits on classical computers is a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. This paper presents a novel theoretical approach that achieves substantial speedups over existing simulators for a wide class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Daksh Shami

Quantum circuits are considered more powerful than classical circuits and require exponential resources to simulate classically. Clifford circuits are a special class of quantum circuits that can be simulated in polynomial time but still…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Yuchen Pang , Edgar Solomonik

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…

Simulating quantum physics with a device which itself is quantum mechanical, a notion Richard Feynman originated, would be an unparallelled computational resource. However, the universal quantum simulation of fermionic systems is daunting…

Hamiltonian simulation on quantum computers is strongly constrained by gate counts, motivating techniques to reduce circuit depths. While tensor networks are natural competitors to quantum computers, we instead leverage them to support…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Joe Gibbs , Lukasz Cincio

Despite the continuous advancements in size and robustness of real quantum devices, reliable large-scale quantum computers are not yet available. Hence, classical simulation of quantum algorithms remains crucial for testing new methods and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Laura S. Herzog , Lukas Burgholzer , Christian Ufrecht , Daniel D. Scherer , Robert Wille

The notion of treewidth, introduced by Robertson and Seymour in their seminal Graph Minors series, turned out to have tremendous impact on graph algorithmics. Many hard computational problems on graphs turn out to be efficiently solvable in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Michał Ziobro , Marcin Pilipczuk

Efficient methods for the simulation of quantum circuits on classic computers are crucial for their analysis due to the exponential growth of the problem size with the number of qubits. Here we study lumping methods based on bisimulation,…

Simulating a quantum circuit with a classical computer requires exponentially growing resources. Decision diagrams exploit the redundancies in quantum circuit representation to efficiently represent and simulate quantum circuits. But for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Yexin Yan , Stefan Hillmich , Robert Wille , Christian Mayr

We show that any quantum circuit of treewidth $t$, built from $r$-qubit gates, requires at least $\Omega(\frac{n^{2}}{2^{O(r\cdot t)}\cdot \log^4 n})$ gates to compute the element distinctness function. Our result generalizes a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira

Classical simulation is essential in quantum algorithm development and quantum device verification. With the increasing complexity and diversity of quantum circuit structures, existing classical simulation algorithms need to be improved and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yaojian Chen , Zhaoqi Sun , Chengyu Qiu , Zegang Li , Yanfei Liu , Lin Gan , Xiaohui Duan , Guangwen Yang

Classical representations of quantum states and operations as vectors and matrices are plagued by an exponential growth in memory and runtime requirements for increasing system sizes. Based on their use in classical computing, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Aaron Sander , Ioan-Albert Florea , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computers promise to solve several categories of problems faster than classical computers ever could. Current research mostly focuses on qubits, i.e., systems where the unit of information can assume only two levels. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Kevin Mato , Stefan Hillmich , Robert Wille

Classical simulations of quantum circuits play a vital role in the development of quantum computers and for taking the temperature of the field. Here, we classically simulate various physically-motivated circuits using 2D tensor network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Manuel S. Rudolph , Joseph Tindall

Boson sampling is a fundamentally and practically important task that can be used to demonstrate quantum supremacy using noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. In this work, we present classical sampling algorithms for single-photon and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Changhun Oh , Youngrong Lim , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang

Recent technological advancements show promise in leveraging quantum mechanical phenomena for computation. This brings substantial speed-ups to problems that are once considered to be intractable in the classical world. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Shaowen Li , Yusuke Kimura , Hiroyuki Sato , Junwei Yu , Masahiro Fujita

Quantum computing offers the potential for computational abilities that can go beyond classical machines. However, they are still limited by several challenges such as noise, decoherence, and gate errors. As a result, efficient classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Aditya Dubey , Zeki Zeybek , Peter Schmelcher

We show how to efficiently simulate a quantum many-body system with tree structure when its entanglement is bounded for any bipartite split along an edge of the tree. This is achieved by expanding the {\em time-evolving block decimation}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yaoyun Shi , Luming Duan , Guifre Vidal

Efficient methods for the representation and simulation of quantum states and quantum operations are crucial for the optimization of quantum circuits. Decision diagrams (DDs), a well-studied data structure originally used to represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Lieuwe Vinkhuijzen , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss , Vedran Dunjko , Alfons Laarman