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Handwriting text recognition (HTR) remains a challenging task. Existing approaches require fine-tuning on labeled data, which is impractical to obtain for real-world problems, or rely on zero-shot tools such as OCR engines and multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Benjamin Gutteridge , Matthew Thomas Jackson , Toni Kukurin , Xiaowen Dong

Detecting hate speech and offensive language is essential for maintaining a safe and respectful digital environment. This study examines the limitations of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) in identifying offensive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yunze Xiao , Yujia Hu , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Kazakh is a Turkic language using the Arabic, Cyrillic, and Latin scripts, making it unique in terms of optical character recognition (OCR). Work on OCR for low-resource Kazakh scripts is very scarce, and no OCR benchmarks or images exist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Henry Gagnier , Sophie Gagnier , Ashwin Kirubakaran

While factual correctness and task-performance have been in focus of Large Language Model (LLM) research for a long time, the fundamental question of how human-like generated texts are on a linguistic level has been underexplored. From a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Björn Nieth , Marianna Gracheva , Michaela Mahlberg , Bjoern Eskofier , Emmanuelle Salin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved over the past few years and are currently evaluated for their efficacy within the domain of offensive cyber-security. While initial forays showcase the potential of LLMs to enhance security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

Oracle character recognition-an analysis of ancient Chinese inscriptions found on oracle bones-has become a pivotal field intersecting archaeology, paleography, and historical cultural studies. Traditional methods of oracle character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jing Li , Xueke Chi , Qiufeng Wang , Dahan Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Yongge Liu , Cheng-lin Liu

This paper examines the opportunities, limitations, and practical considerations associated with the use of large language models (LLMs) in qualitative research. Drawing on a multidisciplinary perspective that combines expertise in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio , Alexandra Coso Strong

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

DeepSeek-OCR utilizes an optical 2D mapping approach to achieve high-ratio vision-text compression, claiming to decode text tokens exceeding ten times the input visual tokens. While this suggests a promising solution for the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhao Liang , Ruixuan Ying , Bo Li , Hong Li , Kai Yan , Qingwen Li , Min Yang , Okamoto Satoshi , Zhe Cui , Shiwen Ni

We introduce OBI-Bench, a holistic benchmark crafted to systematically evaluate large multi-modal models (LMMs) on whole-process oracle bone inscriptions (OBI) processing tasks demanding expert-level domain knowledge and deliberate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Wenjun Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

As generative AI becomes increasingly embedded in everyday workflows, it is important to evaluate its performance in ways that reflect real-world usage rather than abstract notions of intelligence. Unlike many existing benchmarks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Justin K Miller , Wenjia Tang

The autoresearch repository enables an LLM agent to optimize hyperparameters by editing training code directly. We use it as a testbed to compare classical HPO algorithms against LLM-based methods on tuning the hyperparameters of a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fabio Ferreira , Lucca Wobbe , Arjun Krishnakumar , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

Large-scale language models (LLMs) has shown remarkable capability in various of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and attracted lots of attention recently. However, some studies indicated that large language models fail to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Fanyi Qu , Chenming Tang , Yunfang Wu

Evaluating AI-generated medical image segmentations for clinical acceptability poses a significant challenge, as traditional pixelagreement metrics often fail to capture true diagnostic utility. This paper introduces Hierarchical Clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Jiaxi Sheng , Leyi Yu , Haoyue Li , Yifan Gao , Xin Gao

Thousands of users consult digital archives daily, but the information they can access is unrepresentative of the diversity of documentary history. The sequence-to-sequence architecture typically used for optical character recognition (OCR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jacob Carlson , Tom Bryan , Melissa Dell

This study reviewed the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, focusing on their training corpora, customization techniques, and evaluation metrics. A systematic search of studies from 2021 to 2024 identified 61 articles. Four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuqi Yang , Mingrui Jing , Shuai Wang , Jiaxin Kou , Manfei Shi , Weijie Xing , Yan Hu , Zheng Zhu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have become increasingly versatile, accompanied by impressive Optical Character Recognition (OCR) related capabilities. Existing OCR-related benchmarks emphasize evaluating LMMs' abilities of relatively simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haibin He , Maoyuan Ye , Jing Zhang , Xiantao Cai , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have been notable, yet widespread enterprise adoption remains limited due to various constraints. This paper examines bias in LLMs-a crucial issue affecting their usability, reliability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Vishal Mirza , Rahul Kulkarni , Aakanksha Jadhav

Humanitarian crises demand timely and accurate geographic information to inform effective response efforts. Yet, automated systems that extract locations from text often reproduce existing geographic and socioeconomic biases, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 G. Cafferata , T. Demarco , K. Kalimeri , Y. Mejova , M. G. Beiró