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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Previous works have shown it extremely challenging to unlearn the undesired backdoor behavior from the network, since the entire network can be affected by the backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Haotao Wang , Junyuan Hong , Aston Zhang , Jiayu Zhou , Zhangyang Wang

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) hold great potential for improving the latency and energy efficiency of deep neural networks through event-based computation. However, training such networks is difficult due to the non-differentiable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Jun Haeng Lee , Tobi Delbruck , Michael Pfeiffer

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

As machine learning (ML) systems are being increasingly employed in the real world to handle sensitive tasks and make decisions in various fields, the security and privacy of those models have also become increasingly critical. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Marwan Omar

The surge in interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the past decade has been driven almost exclusively by advances in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). While ANNs set state-of-the-art performance for many previously intractable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Peter G. Stratton , Andrew Wabnitz , Chip Essam , Allen Cheung , Tara J. Hamilton

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Among the existing backdoor defense methods, trigger reverse engineering based approaches, which reconstruct the backdoor triggers via optimizations, are the most versatile and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Beichen Li , Yuanfang Guo , Heqi Peng , Yangxi Li , Yunhong Wang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have incorporated more biologically-plausible structures and learning principles, hence are playing critical roles in bridging the gap between artificial and natural neural networks. The spikes are the sparse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xiang Cheng , Tielin Zhang , Shuncheng Jia , Bo Xu

Communication by rare, binary spikes is a key factor for the energy efficiency of biological brains. However, it is harder to train biologically-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) than artificial neural networks (ANNs). This is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ana Stanojevic , Stanisław Woźniak , Guillaume Bellec , Giovanni Cherubini , Angeliki Pantazi , Wulfram Gerstner

The primate visual cortex exhibits topographic organization, where functionally similar neurons are spatially clustered, a structure widely believed to enhance neural processing efficiency. While prior works have demonstrated that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Deming Zhou , Yuetong Fang , Zhaorui Wang , Renjing Xu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently been attracting significant attention for their biological plausibility and energy efficiency, but semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods for SNN-based models remain underexplored compared to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jini Yang , Beomseok Oh , Seungryong Kim , Sunok Kim

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Alberto Marchisio , Giorgio Nanfa , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Outsourced deep neural networks have been demonstrated to suffer from patch-based trojan attacks, in which an adversary poisons the training sets to inject a backdoor in the obtained model so that regular inputs can be still labeled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Ying He , Zhili Shen , Chang Xia , Jingyu Hua , Wei Tong , Sheng Zhong

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted great attention for their energy-efficient operations and biologically inspired structures, offering potential advantages over Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in terms of energy efficiency and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yujia Liu , Tong Bu , Jianhao Ding , Zecheng Hao , Tiejun Huang , Zhaofei Yu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can utilize spatio-temporal information and have a nature of energy efficiency which is a good alternative to deep neural networks(DNNs). The event-driven information processing makes SNNs can reduce the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Changqing Xu , Yi Liu , Yintang Yang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent the most prominent biologically inspired computing model for neuromorphic computing (NC) architectures. However, due to the non-differentiable nature of spiking neuronal functions, the standard error…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Malu Zhang , Guoqi Li , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) owing to their asynchronous, sparse, and binary information processing. To improve the energy-efficiency and throughput,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where the adversary manipulates a small portion of training data such that the victim model predicts normally on the benign samples but classifies the triggered samples as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yinghua Gao , Yiming Li , Xueluan Gong , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia , Qian Wang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a more energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by mimicking biological neural principles, establishing them as a promising approach to mitigate the increasing energy demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Velibor Bojković , Xiaofeng Wu , Bin Gu

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained momentum due to their high potential in time-series processing combined with minimal energy consumption. However, they still lack a dedicated and efficient training algorithm. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Giovanni Perin , Cesare Bidini , Riccardo Mazzieri , Michele Rossi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) use spatio-temporal spike patterns to represent and transmit information, which is not only biologically realistic but also suitable for ultra-low-power event-driven neuromorphic implementation. Motivated by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Malu Zhang , Jiadong Wang , Burin Amornpaisannon , Zhixuan Zhang , VPK Miriyala , Ammar Belatreche , Hong Qu , Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Trevor E. Carlson , Haizhou Li