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Analysts often make visual causal inferences about possible data-generating models. However, visual analytics (VA) software tends to leave these models implicit in the mind of the analyst, which casts doubt on the statistical validity of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Alex Kale , Yifan Wu , Jessica Hullman

To estimate causal effects from observational data, an applied researcher must impose beliefs. The instrumental variables exclusion restriction, for example, represents the belief that the instrument has no direct effect on the outcome of…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-11-17 Francis J. DiTraglia , Camilo Garcia-Jimeno

Bayesian analysis is increasingly popular for use in social science and other application areas where the data are observations from an informative sample. An informative sampling design leads to inclusion probabilities that are correlated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-07 Terrance D. Savitsky , Daniell Toth

Simulation-based calibration (SBC) is a method for validating inference algorithms and model implementations through repeated inference on data simulated from a generative model. For a model to be generative, one must specify proper priors.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Luna Fazio , Maximilian Scholz , Javier Enrique Aguilar , Paul-Christian Bürkner

Understanding correlation judgement is important to designing effective visualizations of bivariate data. Prior work on correlation perception has not considered how factors including prior beliefs and uncertainty representation impact such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Alireza Karduni , Doug Markant , Ryan Wesslen , Wenwen Dou

Foundation models, and in particular large language models, can generate highly informative responses, prompting growing interest in using these ''synthetic'' outputs as data in empirical research and decision-making. This paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sanjog Misra

We propose a Bayesian forecast combination framework that, for the first time, embeds forward-looking signals, formulated as predictive priors, directly into the time-varying weight-updating process. This approach enables weights to adapt…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Xiaorui Luo , Yanfei Kang , Xue Luo

When an analyst or scientist has a belief about how the world works, their thinking can be biased in favor of that belief. Therefore, one bedrock principle of science is to minimize that bias by testing the predictions of one's belief…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Cindy Xiong , Chase Stokes , Yea-Seul Kim , Steven Franconeri

Variable selection and classification are common objectives in the analysis of high-dimensional data. Most such methods make distributional assumptions that may not be compatible with the diverse families of distributions data can take. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-28 Weichang Yu , Lamiae Azizi , John T. Ormerod

Variable selection is a procedure to attain the truly important predictors from inputs. Complex nonlinear dependencies and strong coupling pose great challenges for variable selection in high-dimensional data. In addition, real-world…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-04 Keyao Wang , Huiwen Wang , Jichang Zhao , Lihong Wang

Learning interpretable representations of visual data is an important challenge, to make machines' decisions understandable to humans and to improve generalisation outside of the training distribution. To this end, we propose a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Marian Longa , João F. Henriques

Prior sensitivity examination plays an important role in applied Bayesian analyses. This is especially true for Bayesian hierarchical models, where interpretability of the parameters within deeper layers in the hierarchy becomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-12-18 Malgorzata Roos , Thiago G. Martins , Leonhard Held , Havard Rue

Projection predictive inference is a decision theoretic Bayesian approach that decouples model estimation from decision making. Given a reference model previously built including all variables present in the data, projection predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-15 Alejandro Catalina , Paul-Christian Bürkner , Aki Vehtari

Discovering causal relationships in complex socio-behavioral systems is challenging but essential for informed decision-making. We present Upload, PREprocess, Visualize, and Evaluate (UPREVE), a user-friendly web-based graphical user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Suraj Jyothi Unni , Paras Sheth , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , K. Selcuk Candan

Many multiagent applications require an agent to learn quickly how to interact with previously unknown other agents. To address this problem, researchers have studied learning algorithms which compute posterior beliefs over a hypothesised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Stefano V. Albrecht , Jacob W. Crandall , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Computer vision is hard because of a large variability in lighting, shape, and texture; in addition the image signal is non-additive due to occlusion. Generative models promised to account for this variability by accurately modelling the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Varun Jampani , Sebastian Nowozin , Matthew Loper , Peter V. Gehler

Visual analytics (VA) tools support data exploration by helping analysts quickly and iteratively generate views of data which reveal interesting patterns. However, these tools seldom enable explicit checks of the resulting interpretations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Alex Kale , Ziyang Guo , Xiao Li Qiao , Jeffrey Heer , Jessica Hullman

Using instruments comprising ordered responses to items are ubiquitous for studying many constructs of interest. However, using such an item response format may lead to items with response categories infrequently endorsed or unendorsed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-02 R. Noah Padgett , Grant B. Morgan , Tim Lomas

Regression under the "small $n$, large $p$" conditions, of small sample size $n$ and large number of features $p$ in the learning data set, is a recurring setting in which learning from data is difficult. With prior knowledge about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Homayun Afrabandpey , Tomi Peltola , Samuel Kaski

We develop simple methods for constructing likelihoods and parameter priors for learning about the parameters and structure of a Bayesian network. In particular, we introduce several assumptions that permit the construction of likelihoods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 David Heckerman , Dan Geiger