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This paper develops asymptotic theory for quantile estimation via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with a constant learning rate. The quantile loss function is neither smooth nor strongly convex. Beyond conventional perspectives and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Ziyang Wei , Jiaqi Li , Likai Chen , Wei Biao Wu

We consider linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms driven by martingale noise. Recent applications in machine learning motivate the need to understand finite-time error rates, but conventional stochastic approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Seo Taek Kong , Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , R. Srikant

We established the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem for stopped sums of a class of martingale difference sequences.

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Lahcen Ouchti

We investigate the probability density of rescaled sums of iterates of deterministic dynamical systems, a problem relevant for many complex physical systems consisting of dependent random variables. A Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is only…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ugur Tirnakli , Christian Beck , Constantino Tsallis

Connectionist temporal classification (CTC) is commonly adopted for sequence modeling tasks like speech recognition, where it is necessary to preserve order between the input and target sequences. However, CTC is only applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zheng Nan , Ting Dang , Vidhyasaharan Sethu , Beena Ahmed

We study dynamical systems arising as time-dependent compositions of Pomeau-Manneville-type intermittent maps. We establish central limit theorems for appropriately scaled and centered Birkhoff-like partial sums, with estimates on the rate…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Olli Hella , Juho Leppänen

We study the fluctuations of the eigenvalues of real valued large centrosymmetric random matrices via its linear eigenvalue statistic. This is essentially a central limit theorem (CLT) for sums of dependent random variables. The dependence…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Indrajit Jana , Sunita Rani

In order to characterize the fluctuation between the ergodic limit and the time-averaging estimator of a full discretization in a quantitative way, we establish a central limit theorem for the full discretization of the parabolic stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Chuchu Chen , Tonghe Dang , Jialin Hong , Tau Zhou

We propose a class of stochastic models for a dynamics of limit order book with different type of liquidities. Within this class of models we study the one where a spread decreases uniformly, belonging to the class of processes known as a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-07 Helder Rojas , Artem Logachov , Anatoly Yambartsev

This work focuses on the temporal average of the backward Euler--Maruyama (BEM) method, which is used to approximate the ergodic limit of stochastic ordinary differential equations with super-linearly growing drift coefficients. We give the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Diancong Jin

We establish a multivariate empirical process central limit theorem for stationary $\R^d$-valued stochastic processes $(X_i)_{i\geq 1}$ under very weak conditions concerning the dependence structure of the process. As an application we can…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-28 Herold Dehling , Olivier Durieu

In this paper, we derive asymptotic results for L^1-Wasserstein distance between the distribution function and the corresponding empirical distribution function of a stationary sequence. Next, we give some applications to dynamical systems…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-16 Sophie Dede

In this paper, we study the discretization of the ergodic Functional Central Limit Theorem (CLT) established by Bhattacharya (see \cite{Bhattacharya_1982}) which states the following: Given a stationary and ergodic Markov process $(X_t)_{t…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Gilles Pagès , Clément Rey

Two-timescale stochastic approximation (TTSA) is among the most general frameworks for iterative stochastic algorithms. This includes well-known stochastic optimization methods such as SGD variants and those designed for bilevel or minimax…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Jie Hu , Vishwaraj Doshi , Do Young Eun

We obtain large deviations estimates for both sequential and random compositions of intermittent maps. We also address the question of whether or not centering is necessary for the quenched central limit theorems (CLT) obtained by Nicol,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-08-14 Matthew Nicol , Felipe Perez Pereira , Andrew Torok

Under reasonable algebraic assumptions and under an infinite second order moment assumption, we show that the logarithm of the norm (log-norm) of a product of random i.i.d. matrices with entries in $\mathbb{R}$ or in any other local field…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Axel Péneau

We study the asymptotic behavior, uniform-in-time, of a non-linear dynamical system under the combined effects of fast periodic sampling with period $\delta$ and small white noise of size $\varepsilon,\thinspace 0<\varepsilon,\delta \ll 1$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Shivam Singh Dhama , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

Confidence intervals based on the central limit theorem (CLT) are a cornerstone of classical statistics. Despite being only asymptotically valid, they are ubiquitous because they permit statistical inference under weak assumptions and can…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Ian Waudby-Smith , David Arbour , Ritwik Sinha , Edward H. Kennedy , Aaditya Ramdas

The standard small-time functional central limit theorem of semimartingales has been established in (Gerhold, S., Kleinert, M., Porkert, P., and Shkolnikov, M. (2015). Small time central limit theorems for semimartingales with applications.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Pietro Maria Sparago

We establish a central limit theorem and prove a moderate deviation principle for stochastic scalar conservation laws. Due to the lack of viscous term, this is done in the framework of kinetic solution. The weak convergence method and…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-31 Zhengyan Wu , Rangrang Zhang