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The hallucination problem of Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly limits their reliability and trustworthiness. Humans have a self-awareness process that allows us to recognize what we don't know when faced with queries. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Ziwei Ji , Delong Chen , Etsuko Ishii , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Yejin Bang , Bryan Wilie , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, but their increasing autonomy in real-world applications raises concerns about their trustworthiness. While hallucinations-unintentional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haoran Huan , Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Shantanu Jaiswal , Deepak Pathak

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable but face latency challenges in real-time applications, such as conducting online hallucination detection. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel framework that leverages a small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal , Alex Deng

Code generation aims to automatically generate code from input requirements, significantly enhancing development efficiency. Recent large language models (LLMs) based approaches have shown promising results and revolutionized code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ziyao Zhang , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

Despite their powerful chat, coding, and reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate. Conventional wisdom suggests that hallucinations are a consequence of a balance between creativity and factuality, which can…

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Bruno , Pier Luigi Mazzeo , Aladine Chetouani , Marouane Tliba , Mohamed Amine Kerkouri

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Despite impressive advances in Natural Language Generation (NLG) and Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers are still unclear about important aspects of NLG evaluation. To substantiate this claim, I examine current classifications of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Kees van Deemter

Driven by the rapid advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have emerged as powerful intelligent systems capable of human-like cognition, reasoning, and interaction. These agents are increasingly being deployed across…

Do large language models (LLMs) know the law? These models are increasingly being used to augment legal practice, education, and research, yet their revolutionary potential is threatened by the presence of hallucinations -- textual output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Matthew Dahl , Varun Magesh , Mirac Suzgun , Daniel E. Ho

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) integrate image encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs) to process multi-modal inputs and perform complex visual tasks. However, they often generate hallucinations by describing non-existent objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yaqi Sun , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination. We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Xiangyu Hong , Dayuan Fu , Yang Cheng , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Recent technical breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have enabled them to fluently generate source code. Software developers often leverage both general-purpose and code-specialized LLMs to revise existing code or even generate a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yunseo Lee , John Youngeun Song , Dongsun Kim , Jindae Kim , Mijung Kim , Jaechang Nam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption in various natural language processing tasks, including question answering and dialogue systems. However, a major drawback of LLMs is the issue of hallucination, where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Qiang Fu , Yichen Yuan , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Dayiheng Liu , Dongmei Zhang , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Junyi Li , Jie Chen , Ruiyang Ren , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

While Large Language Models have transformed how we interact with AI systems, they suffer from a critical flaw: they confidently generate false information that sounds entirely plausible. This hallucination problem has become a major…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Piyushkumar Patel

Large language models (LLMs) are known to generate plausible but false information across a wide range of contexts, yet the real-world magnitude and consequences of this hallucination problem remain poorly understood. Here we leverage a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhenyue Zhao , Yihe Wang , Toby Stuart , Mathijs De Vaan , Paul Ginsparg , Yian Yin

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu