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Biometric authentication using physiological signals offers a promising path toward secure and user-friendly access control in wearable devices. While electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have shown high discriminability, their intrusive sensing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wei Shao , Zequan Liang , Ruoyu Zhang , Ruijie Fang , Ning Miao , Ehsan Kourkchi , Setareh Rafatirad , Houman Homayoun , Chongzhou Fang

Smartwatches have become popular for monitoring physiological parameters outside clinical settings. Using reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, such watches can non-invasively estimate heart rate (HR) in everyday environments and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Manuel Meier , Christian Holz

Continuous cardiovascular monitoring can play a key role in precision health. However, some fundamental cardiac biomarkers of interest, including stroke volume and cardiac output, require invasive measurements, e.g., arterial pressure…

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals encode information about relative changes in blood volume that can be used to assess various aspects of cardiac health non-invasively, e.g.\ to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) or predict blood pressure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ciaran Bench , Vivek Desai , Mohammad Moulaeifard , Nils Strodthoff , Philip Aston , Andrew Thompson

Hearth Rate (HR) monitoring is increasingly performed in wrist-worn devices using low-cost photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. However, Motion Artifacts (MAs) caused by movements of the subject's arm affect the performance of PPG-based HR…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-29 Alessio Burrello , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Matteo Risso , Simone Benatti , Enrico Macii , Luca Benini , Massimo Poncino

Photoplethysmographic Imaging (PPGI) allows the determination of pulse rate variability from sequential beat-to-beat intervals (BBI) and pulse wave velocity from spatially resolved recorded pulse waves. In either case, sufficient temporal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Sebastian Zaunseder , Antti Vehkaoja , Vincent Fleischhauer , Christoph Hoog Antink

Respiratory ailments such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and lung cancer are life-threatening. Respiration rate (RR) is a vital indicator of the wellness of a patient. Continuous monitoring of RR can…

Cuffless blood pressure screening based on easily acquired photoplethysmography (PPG) signals offers a practical pathway toward scalable cardiovascular health assessment. Despite rapid progress, existing PPG-based blood pressure estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Neville Mathew , Yidan Shen , Renjie Hu , Maham Rahimi , George Zouridakis

Amongst all medical biometric traits, Photoplethysmograph (PPG) is the easiest to acquire. PPG records the blood volume change with just combination of Light Emitting Diode and Photodiode from any part of the body. With IoT and smart homes'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Umang Yadav , Sherif N Abbas , Dimitrios Hatzinakos

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality and disability. The convenient measurement of cardiovascular health using smart systems is therefore a key enabler to foster accurate and early detection and diagnosis of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Nima Bahmani , Dariush Salami , Hüseyin Yiğitler , Juhapekka Hietala , Tuukka Panula , Stephan Sigg

Smartwatches or fitness trackers have garnered a lot of popularity as potential health tracking devices due to their affordable and longitudinal monitoring capabilities. To further widen their health tracking capabilities, in recent years…

Imaging Photoplethysmography (iPPG), an optical procedure which recovers a human's blood volume pulse (BVP) waveform using pixel readout from a camera, is an exciting research field with many researchers performing clinical studies of iPPG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Vineet R. Shenoy , Cheng Peng , Rama Chellappa , Yu Sun

Photoplethysmography (PPG) refers to the measurement of variations in blood volume using light and is a feature of most wearable devices. The PPG signals provide insight into the body's circulatory system and can be employed to extract…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Yuyang Miao , Harry J. Davies , Danilo P. Mandic

Remote camera measurement of the blood volume pulse via photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a compelling technology for scalable, low-cost, and accessible assessment of cardiovascular information. Neural networks currently provide the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Björn Braun , Daniel McDuff , Christian Holz

A number of inhibitory and excitatory factors regulate the beating of the heart. Consequently, the inter-beat intervals (IBIs) are not constant but vary around a mean value, even in the absence of external factors like exercise or stress.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Ilker Bayram

Reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) has become the default sensing technique in wearable devices to monitor cardiac activity via a person's heart rate (HR). However, PPG-based HR estimates can be substantially impacted by factors such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Manuel Meier , Berken Utku Demirel , Christian Holz

Wearable devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are widely used to monitor heart rate (HR), yet often suffer from accuracy issues. However, users typically do not receive an indication of potential measurement errors. We present a…

Heart rate monitoring using wrist-type photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals during subjects' intensive exercise is a difficult problem, since the signals are contaminated by extremely strong motion artifacts caused by subjects' hand…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Zhilin Zhang , Zhouyue Pi , Benyuan Liu

Objectives: This study examines human Photoplethysmogram (PPG) along with Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to study cardiac autonomic imbalance in epileptic seizures. The significance and the prevalence of changes in PPG morphological…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-12 Seyede Mahya Safavi , Ninaz Valisharifabad , Robert Sabino , Hsinchung Chen , Ali HeydariGorji , Demi Tran , Jack Lin , Beth Lopour , Pai H. Chou

Continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation via photoplethysmography (PPG) remains a significant challenge, particularly in providing comprehensive cardiovascular insights for hypertensive complications. This study presents a novel…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Yaowen Zhang , Libera Fresiello , Peter H. Veltink , Dirk W. Donker , Ying Wang